Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), also known as tomato, is used as a vegetable or fruit and is an important source of human vitamin C.
The tomato stems are vine-like or semi-erect, and the inflorescences are junipers or racemes, mature 40 to 50 days after flowering. The tomato is a thermophilic crop that does not tolerate frost. Stem, leaf growth temperature of 20 ~ 25 °C, the results of temperature 25 ~ 28 °C, night temperature 16 ~ 20 °C appropriate. Night temperatures lower than 15 °C or higher than 30 °C will prevent normal fertilization, causing flowering; flower buds below 7 °C form malformed fruit; tomato is not sensitive to the length of sunshine, such as the temperature suitable for all seasons can be cultivated. Tomatoes are more adaptable to the soil. However, weak resistance to stubbornness, the soil is dry and damp and easy to form cracking fruit. Tomato seedlings need to be transplanted 60 to 90 days later. The planting density is about 2000 to 4000 plants per acre.
Tomato is one of the main vegetables currently cultivated in protected areas. As the tomato is flowering at the same time as the stems and leaves are growing, coordinating vegetative growth and reproductive growth is the key to high yield.
Symptoms of nutritional imbalance in tomato Tomatoes have a high demand for nutrients throughout their lives, and the quality and yield of the fruit can only be guaranteed if the nutrients are adequate. Malnutrition can cause symptoms of poor growth.
Nitrogen is an important material for the production of tomato protein, chlorophyll, etc. When nitrogen is insufficient, the whole plant is short and thin, leaves fall green, and the fruit has a small yield; while nitrogen excess nutrient overgrowth, low fruit set, pest resistance Decreased, the fruit is not resistant to the short squeeze-preserving period, and the symptoms of nitrogen excess fruits are similar to potassium deficiency, and potassium can be used to correct the symptoms of nitrogen overload.
Phosphorus participates in many key physiological processes of tomato. Phosphorus is present in all living cells. Phosphorus plays an irreplaceable role in root development and fruit maturation. Tomato seedlings lack phosphorus and grow stagnant, their leaves are purplish red and their leaves are grayish green. The flowers are easy to fall off and the leaves appear later.
Potassium is an important quality element of tomato. Potassium increases fruit sweetness and reduces the invasion of crop diseases. Potassium can increase flowering fruit setting rate and promote flowering, early flowering, early maturation, and prolong fruit preservation period. Insufficient potassium leaves the leaves of the lower position of the tomato curled, yellow wilting, and grayish white spots. The potassium-deficient fruit showed "green back disease."
Tomato calcium deficiency susceptible to umbilical rot, the initial fruit near the top of the umbilicus water spot necrosis, disease organization collapse, followed by darkening, shrinkage, subsidence, generally do not drop fruit.
Tomatoes are sensitive to magnesium deficiency. In the absence of magnesium, there are chlorotic spots between the veins, and the leaf margins change to orange, red, and purple. The fruit also fades from red to pale orange, and the viscosity of the pulp decreases.
Tomato leaves lack of sulfur yellowing, petioles and stems become red, internode shortening, leaves become smaller. The body color faded, showing light green or yellowish green.
Tomato-deficient young leaves are green and yellow and fade between leaves and veins. The veins remain green and the veins are clear. There is a serious lack of manganese with grayish or brown spots.
Tomato iron deficiency occurs in the first bud and new leaves appear yellow and white, green leaves along the veins, leaves thinning, generally no browning, necrosis, the base of the leaves also appear gray yellow spots.
Tomato zinc leaflets clustered, the new leaf yellow spots, macular gradually spread the whole leaf, but also susceptible to viral disease.
Copper deficiency in tomato was sensitive to apical yellowing.
Tomato boring on the surface of boron-deficient fruit; the top buds of tomato lacking boron stop growing peels, fruit necrosis, corkation, and flowers are not real, and rust spots appear on the surface of fruits.
Tomato deficiency molybdenum leaf yellowing, curling in the true leaf stage, the new leaf spotted, the green part of the upward arch, the leaflet rolled up, the last leaflet tip and leaf margins are shrinking and die.
The lack of chlorine in the lower part of the tomato leaf wilting narrowed growth was blocked and even necrosis; the roots were shortened and the crude growth was inhibited.
According to the external symptoms, it can be judged whether or not the tomato is lacking and its degree.
Potassium is an important quality element of tomato. Potassium increases fruit sweetness and reduces the invasion of crop diseases. Potassium can increase flowering fruit setting rate and promote flowering, early flowering, early maturation, and prolong fruit preservation period. Insufficient potassium leaves the leaves of the lower position of the tomato curled, yellow wilting, and grayish white spots. The potassium-deficient fruit showed "green back disease."
Tomato iron deficiency occurs in the first bud and new leaves appear yellow and white, green leaves along the veins, leaves thinning, generally no browning, necrosis, the base of the leaves also appear gray yellow spots.
Tomato leaves lack of sulfur yellowing, petioles and stems become red, internode shortening, leaves become smaller. The body color faded, showing light green or yellowish green.
Tomato boring on the surface of boron-deficient fruit; the top buds of tomato lacking boron stop growing peels, fruit necrosis, corkation, and flowers are not real, and rust spots appear on the surface of fruits.
Tomatoes are sensitive to magnesium deficiency. In the absence of magnesium, there are chlorotic spots between the veins, and the leaf margins change to orange, red, and purple. The fruit also fades from red to pale orange, and the viscosity of the pulp decreases.
Tomato calcium deficiency susceptible to umbilical rot, the initial fruit near the top of the umbilicus water spot necrosis, disease organization collapse, followed by darkening, shrinkage, subsidence, generally not fruit.
Tomato zinc leaflets clustered, the new leaf yellow spots, macular gradually spread the whole leaf, but also susceptible to viral disease.
Tomato nitrogen over-nutrition overgrowth, fruit set rate is low, resistance to diseases and insects decreased, the fruit intolerance extrusion short-lived, nitrogen excess fruit symptoms and potassium deficiency, potassium can be used to correct the symptoms of excessive nitrogen.
Tomato-deficient young leaves are green and yellow and fade between leaves and veins. The veins remain green and the veins are clear. There is a serious lack of manganese with grayish or brown spots.
Tomato deficiency molybdenum leaf yellowing, curling in the true leaf stage, the new leaf spotted, the green part of the upward arch, the leaflet rolled up, the last leaflet tip and leaf margins are shrinking and die.
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