Internet of Things and RFID
The development of the Internet of Things can be divided into four phases:
The first stage is the networking of mainframes and mainframes;
The second stage is the connection of desktops and laptops to the Internet;
The third stage is the interconnection of some mobile devices such as mobile phones;
The fourth stage is the rise of the embedded Internet. More applications related to people's daily lives, including washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens, etc., will join the ranks of interconnection and interoperability, eventually forming a global unified "Internet of Things." In real life, the specific applications of the Internet of Things have been seen, such as remote burglary, highway non-stop charging, smart library, remote power meter reading, and so on. However, these only the Internet of Things, the Zou shape has not yet formed a huge network. The Internet of Things has built a very beautiful blueprint for us. In the future, we can imagine intelligent transportation, intelligent security, intelligent monitoring, intelligent logistics and intelligent control of home appliances through a huge network of objects.
The Internet of Things and RFID-related IoT is based on the computer Internet, using RFID, wireless data communication and other technologies to construct an "Internet of Things" that covers everything in the world. In this network, items (goods) can “communicate†with each other without human intervention. Its essence is to use the radio frequency automatic identification (RFID) technology to realize the automatic identification of items (goods) and the interconnection and sharing of information through the computer Internet.
And RFID is a technology that allows items to "talk". In the concept of "Internet of Things", RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information, and automatically collect them into the central information system through wireless data communication networks to realize the identification of articles or holders, and then through openness. The computer network implements information exchange and sharing to achieve "transparent" management of the item or holder.
“e-logistics†for logistics enterprise transportation management will provide users with real-time and accurate information on goods, vehicle tracking and positioning, transportation route selection, logistics and mocking design and optimization services, which will greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises. The development of the Internet of Things will provide trillions of market sizes for the logistics industry.
RFID works like a mobile phone communication in the form of a question and answer, solving the problem of "who is" in the middleware of the Internet of Things. And you can "talk" to multiple tags "simultaneously". The background of this technology has begun to receive widespread attention. The background of network communication technology began to spread in the 1990s. Like bar codes, it is to improve and improve the automation and rapidization of settlement in the retail industry, and even to transparently manage the entire logistics supply chain. Especially for the purpose of the purpose.
The construction and operation of the network is a much simpler task than increasing the reading rate. This is because the transmission of digital to the network is much more secure than the wireless communication between the electronic tag and the read head. As long as the ID of the electronic tag is accurately read. The work left is much simpler. So don't rely on the large amount of information read between the tag and the reader to "put" the relevant information on the mock. The network is the lifeline of RFID, no network. RFID cannot take its absolute advantage over other older identification technologies. The real value of RFID is that stakeholders in its value chain can share product information. Then the technical means of information sharing lies in network inventory management and RFID.
The new situation of inventory management development With the gradual emergence of global economic integration, enterprises are forced to face a rapidly changing and unpredictable buyer market and increasingly subjective, personalized and diverse consumers in the fierce competition in the global market. The original management ideas can not fully meet the new competitive situation. In this competitive environment, a product often involves the cooperation of multiple companies, from design, manufacturing, inspection to transportation. Business managers have gradually realized that no single company can become the best company in the world in all businesses, and only a large number of enterprises can work together to enhance the competitiveness. Extending the use of resources to other places outside the enterprise, it is natural to use the resources of other companies to achieve rapid response to the market. Inventory management is a combination of original, static, and distributed development, dynamic, collaborative management. It is in this context that Shuai technology is gradually applied to the inventory management system of modern production enterprises to adapt it to the requirements of modern production enterprise inventory management.
The application of RFID technology in production enterprise inventory management In today's wireless radio frequency technology has been widely used in enterprise supply chain management, RFID-based supply chain management has been very different from its old model, it can be said that RFID Applications have a very large impact on the supply chain and its management. RFID technology has great potential in supply chain management.
With the RFID chip installed, each component of the supply chain becomes an intelligent, interactive part that enables real-time identification throughout the supply chain. In this way, the entire supply chain system will have a fast, low error rate and low cost logistics to ensure that the required products appear in a timely manner where needed. This goal is achievable through RFID technology, which means that RFID can make supply chain management more "perfect" in the existing foundation and theory.
The application of RFID technology in inventory management is mainly to realize automated cargo location management and access operations in combination with inventory information system. The application of RFID technology in the storage link also makes the workload at the time of inventory (no need for manual inspection or scanning of barcodes) and unnecessary loss is greatly reduced, providing managers with greater freedom in inventory control. The reader on the retail shelf can periodically send information to the back-end system to remind the retailer to replenish in time. It is also able to monitor the expiration date of expired items.
The inventory management problem of production enterprises is one of the key issues in the overall supply chain management of warehouse industry. Inventory management capability is one of the important indicators to evaluate the management level of supply chain. The role of RFID in inventory management is becoming larger and larger, with far-reaching implications for inventory management. One of the most important points is to weaken the so-called "bull-whip effect" in inventory management, that is, the more efficient strategy for solving the bullwhip effect in inventory management is that information sharing is the same. The sharing of information provides convenience. Although the enterprise's traditional supply chain management platform provides a powerful IT platform for information sharing and resource integration. But whether this platform can fully play its role depends on whether it can be accurate or not. Real-time underlying data information The current collection of underlying data in supply chain management (such as inventory counting, goods in and out of the warehouse, data entry, etc.) mainly depends on bar code technology, which requires a large amount of Manual intervention, low efficiency, high error rate, and the accuracy and real-time performance of the information provided cannot be guaranteed.
The application of RFlD technology will provide unprecedented data for the food industry. With the support of the back-end system, it will greatly enhance the visibility of the supply chain and provide a solid foundation for the formulation and implementation of supply chain management.
The application of RFID technology in logistics and inventory management Because RFID technology has long-distance reading and writing, can store data, has strong environmental adaptability, and can read and write at high speed and multiple tags at the same time. Therefore, in many applications of RFID, RFID is The application of logistics and inventory has a bright future.
The logistics and inventory management system is mainly used for product delivery, receipt, quality inspection, warehousing, inventory, automated management of warehouses, RFID electronic tags installed on goods or pallets, and remote RFID installed at warehouse gates. Reader, RFID middleware and its enterprise information system. When the product with the RFID tag passes through the sensing area of ​​the reader, the system implements automated inventory, pick-up, and quick inventory in the warehouse through RFID tags.
Products are shipped by suppliers, distributed, quality inspection, warehousing, inventory, delivery and other processes related to RFID applications. In logistics and inventory management, according to RFID reader parameters and placement positions, there are four types: (1) application of RFID readers; (2) access control RFID readers; (3) fixed RFID Reader; (4) Handheld RFID reader; (5) Car, on-board RFID reader.
In logistics and inventory management, product suppliers' export-access RFID readers, RFID readers for distribution vehicles, enterprise warehouse entrances, exit access readers, quality inspection RFID readers, forklift-loaded RFID Readers, handheld RFID readers in the warehouse, can be an RFID reader network, they work under the management of the RFID middleware platform, and the enterprise administrators through the interface of the RFID middleware platform (such as Web Service), configures the RFID middleware platform and receives data read by the RFID reader.
The development of Internet of Things based on RFID technology and advanced inventory management system in various industries The application of Internet of Things technology can make e-commerce more powerful, enabling consumers to find any item in any store online, choose It's handy. In the field of logistics, electronic tags can be applied to automatic warehousing inventory management, product logistics tracking, supply chain automatic management, product assembly and production management, product anti-counterfeiting and other aspects. The use of electronic tags in production organization can improve the overall supply chain and production operations management. Specific to various industries, as follows:
1. Retail business. In the future, when people go shopping in the mall, they may just put the goods on the shelves into the shopping cart and then go out to the cart. Because the store uses Internet of Things technology. At the exit of the store is equipped with a reader. When someone takes the goods out, the reader automatically lists the purchased goods and automatically deducts the corresponding payment from the person's account through the settlement system. This technology also allows people to bring their own items into the supermarket. Because the labels on these items show that they don't belong to the store, they don't cause unnecessary trouble when going out.
2. Logistics industry. The inventory, inquiry and delivery of goods will become very simple and accurate. Warehouse management is more efficient and employs less. After the vehicle management has installed the corresponding system, it will effectively reduce the airspeed and provide a platform for information management of “intelligent trafficâ€.
3. Manufacturing. By introducing technology into enterprise production management, automatic real-time input of enterprise production information can be realized. Accurately record the process and cost causal information generated by each product s to realize the information tracking and management of the articles in the processing and later.
4. Effective anti-counterfeiting. Counterfeit products will become more difficult as consumers can find almost all of the information about the product on the product label. This technique is especially advantageous for high value items.
5. Military field. Some countries have begun to use this technology on military supplies to strengthen the management, inventory and inquiry of materials. The US military began using this technology for the identification of soldiers' personal information during the Gulf War as early as the 1960s. The US Department of Defense requires that all military supplies be electronically tagged after the date.
RFID-based IoT in inventory management The ultimate goal of using RFID-based IoT is undoubtedly to enable enterprises to achieve zero-inventory production, that is, just-in-time production. “Zero inventory†is a special inventory concept that is an important classification concept for industrial and commercial enterprises. The meaning of zero inventory is a concept that the storage quantity of certain or certain items in the form of warehouse storage is very low, and can even be “zeroâ€, that is, not keeping inventory.
The benefits of zero inventory are obvious. If the company can achieve zero inventory in different links. For example, the reduction of inventory funds; the optimization of accounts receivable and accounts payable; the acceleration of capital turnover; the reduction of inventory management costs; and the avoidance of changes in the market and the replacement of products, the risk of price cuts, slow sales and so on. However, in the process of implementation, there will be three major obstacles in the following aspects:
1. The standards are not uniform. The inconsistency of standards (especially those defined by data formats) is the primary factor that constrains the development of RFID. Because each RFID tag has a unique identification code, if its data format is various and incompatible, then RFID products using different standards cannot be used universally. This is very important for the circulation of goods under economic globalization. Adverse.
Another problem with the standard is that there is no official international standard for RFID products (including various frequency bands). At present, RFID products are incompatible with each other, which causes confusion and incompatibility of RFID products in different markets and applications. . This will inevitably create obstacles to the interoperability and development of future RFID products.
2. There are difficulties in technology implementation. How to turn this expensive, up-and-coming proprietary technology into a beneficial supply chain tool is currently the biggest challenge.
3. There are few logistics management applications. From the current status quo, the application of RFID is still limited to the inside of the enterprise, and there is still less attention to how to manage RFID in logistics, because it involves the entire link of the supply chain, including logistics and distribution units, customs, industry and commerce, taxation, etc. Each link. The application of RFID is an ecological environment. Only the label itself cannot be applied. It must have a corresponding application environment and management means to promote the large-scale popularization of electronic labels. In addition, the large-scale application of RFID involves price, privacy protection and security issues. There are still obstacles in the current RFID technology to be applied in the field of confidentiality of information. How to improve the security of electronic tags without increasing too much cost is still a problem to be further studied.
The development of the Internet of Things can be divided into four phases:
The first stage is the networking of mainframes and mainframes;
The second stage is the connection of desktops and laptops to the Internet;
The third stage is the interconnection of some mobile devices such as mobile phones;
The fourth stage is the rise of the embedded Internet. More applications related to people's daily lives, including washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens, etc., will join the ranks of interconnection and interoperability, eventually forming a global unified "Internet of Things." In real life, the specific applications of the Internet of Things have been seen, such as remote burglary, highway non-stop charging, smart library, remote power meter reading, and so on. However, these only the Internet of Things, the Zou shape has not yet formed a huge network. The Internet of Things has built a very beautiful blueprint for us. In the future, we can imagine intelligent transportation, intelligent security, intelligent monitoring, intelligent logistics and intelligent control of home appliances through a huge network of objects.
The Internet of Things and RFID-related IoT is based on the computer Internet, using RFID, wireless data communication and other technologies to construct an "Internet of Things" that covers everything in the world. In this network, items (goods) can “communicate†with each other without human intervention. Its essence is to use the radio frequency automatic identification (RFID) technology to realize the automatic identification of items (goods) and the interconnection and sharing of information through the computer Internet.
And RFID is a technology that allows items to "talk". In the concept of "Internet of Things", RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information, and automatically collect them into the central information system through wireless data communication networks to realize the identification of articles or holders, and then through openness. The computer network implements information exchange and sharing to achieve "transparent" management of the item or holder.
“e-logistics†for logistics enterprise transportation management will provide users with real-time and accurate information on goods, vehicle tracking and positioning, transportation route selection, logistics and mocking design and optimization services, which will greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises. The development of the Internet of Things will provide trillions of market sizes for the logistics industry.
RFID works like a mobile phone communication in the form of a question and answer, solving the problem of "who is" in the middleware of the Internet of Things. And you can "talk" to multiple tags "simultaneously". The background of this technology has begun to receive widespread attention. The background of network communication technology began to spread in the 1990s. Like bar codes, it is to improve and improve the automation and rapidization of settlement in the retail industry, and even to transparently manage the entire logistics supply chain. Especially for the purpose of the purpose.
The construction and operation of the network is a much simpler task than increasing the reading rate. This is because the transmission of digital to the network is much more secure than the wireless communication between the electronic tag and the read head. As long as the ID of the electronic tag is accurately read. The work left is much simpler. So don't rely on the large amount of information read between the tag and the reader to "put" the relevant information on the mock. The network is the lifeline of RFID, no network. RFID cannot take its absolute advantage over other older identification technologies. The real value of RFID is that stakeholders in its value chain can share product information. Then the technical means of information sharing lies in network inventory management and RFID.
The new situation of inventory management development With the gradual emergence of global economic integration, enterprises are forced to face a rapidly changing and unpredictable buyer market and increasingly subjective, personalized and diverse consumers in the fierce competition in the global market. The original management ideas can not fully meet the new competitive situation. In this competitive environment, a product often involves the cooperation of multiple companies, from design, manufacturing, inspection to transportation. Business managers have gradually realized that no single company can become the best company in the world in all businesses, and only a large number of enterprises can work together to enhance the competitiveness. Extending the use of resources to other places outside the enterprise, it is natural to use the resources of other companies to achieve rapid response to the market. Inventory management is a combination of original, static, and distributed development, dynamic, collaborative management. It is in this context that Shuai technology is gradually applied to the inventory management system of modern production enterprises to adapt it to the requirements of modern production enterprise inventory management.
The application of RFID technology in production enterprise inventory management In today's wireless radio frequency technology has been widely used in enterprise supply chain management, RFID-based supply chain management has been very different from its old model, it can be said that RFID Applications have a very large impact on the supply chain and its management. RFID technology has great potential in supply chain management.
With the RFID chip installed, each component of the supply chain becomes an intelligent, interactive part that enables real-time identification throughout the supply chain. In this way, the entire supply chain system will have a fast, low error rate and low cost logistics to ensure that the required products appear in a timely manner where needed. This goal is achievable through RFID technology, which means that RFID can make supply chain management more "perfect" in the existing foundation and theory.
The application of RFID technology in inventory management is mainly to realize automated cargo location management and access operations in combination with inventory information system. The application of RFID technology in the storage link also makes the workload at the time of inventory (no need for manual inspection or scanning of barcodes) and unnecessary loss is greatly reduced, providing managers with greater freedom in inventory control. The reader on the retail shelf can periodically send information to the back-end system to remind the retailer to replenish in time. It is also able to monitor the expiration date of expired items.
The inventory management problem of production enterprises is one of the key issues in the overall supply chain management of warehouse industry. Inventory management capability is one of the important indicators to evaluate the management level of supply chain. The role of RFID in inventory management is becoming larger and larger, with far-reaching implications for inventory management. One of the most important points is to weaken the so-called "bull-whip effect" in inventory management, that is, the more efficient strategy for solving the bullwhip effect in inventory management is that information sharing is the same. The sharing of information provides convenience. Although the enterprise's traditional supply chain management platform provides a powerful IT platform for information sharing and resource integration. But whether this platform can fully play its role depends on whether it can be accurate or not. Real-time underlying data information The current collection of underlying data in supply chain management (such as inventory counting, goods in and out of the warehouse, data entry, etc.) mainly depends on bar code technology, which requires a large amount of Manual intervention, low efficiency, high error rate, and the accuracy and real-time performance of the information provided cannot be guaranteed.
The application of RFlD technology will provide unprecedented data for the food industry. With the support of the back-end system, it will greatly enhance the visibility of the supply chain and provide a solid foundation for the formulation and implementation of supply chain management.
The application of RFID technology in logistics and inventory management Because RFID technology has long-distance reading and writing, can store data, has strong environmental adaptability, and can read and write at high speed and multiple tags at the same time. Therefore, in many applications of RFID, RFID is The application of logistics and inventory has a bright future.
The logistics and inventory management system is mainly used for product delivery, receipt, quality inspection, warehousing, inventory, automated management of warehouses, RFID electronic tags installed on goods or pallets, and remote RFID installed at warehouse gates. Reader, RFID middleware and its enterprise information system. When the product with the RFID tag passes through the sensing area of ​​the reader, the system implements automated inventory, pick-up, and quick inventory in the warehouse through RFID tags.
Products are shipped by suppliers, distributed, quality inspection, warehousing, inventory, delivery and other processes related to RFID applications. In logistics and inventory management, according to RFID reader parameters and placement positions, there are four types: (1) application of RFID readers; (2) access control RFID readers; (3) fixed RFID Reader; (4) Handheld RFID reader; (5) Car, on-board RFID reader.
In logistics and inventory management, product suppliers' export-access RFID readers, RFID readers for distribution vehicles, enterprise warehouse entrances, exit access readers, quality inspection RFID readers, forklift-loaded RFID Readers, handheld RFID readers in the warehouse, can be an RFID reader network, they work under the management of the RFID middleware platform, and the enterprise administrators through the interface of the RFID middleware platform (such as Web Service), configures the RFID middleware platform and receives data read by the RFID reader.
The development of Internet of Things based on RFID technology and advanced inventory management system in various industries The application of Internet of Things technology can make e-commerce more powerful, enabling consumers to find any item in any store online, choose It's handy. In the field of logistics, electronic tags can be applied to automatic warehousing inventory management, product logistics tracking, supply chain automatic management, product assembly and production management, product anti-counterfeiting and other aspects. The use of electronic tags in production organization can improve the overall supply chain and production operations management. Specific to various industries, as follows:
1. Retail business. In the future, when people go shopping in the mall, they may just put the goods on the shelves into the shopping cart and then go out to the cart. Because the store uses Internet of Things technology. At the exit of the store is equipped with a reader. When someone takes the goods out, the reader automatically lists the purchased goods and automatically deducts the corresponding payment from the person's account through the settlement system. This technology also allows people to bring their own items into the supermarket. Because the labels on these items show that they don't belong to the store, they don't cause unnecessary trouble when going out.
2. Logistics industry. The inventory, inquiry and delivery of goods will become very simple and accurate. Warehouse management is more efficient and employs less. After the vehicle management has installed the corresponding system, it will effectively reduce the airspeed and provide a platform for information management of “intelligent trafficâ€.
3. Manufacturing. By introducing technology into enterprise production management, automatic real-time input of enterprise production information can be realized. Accurately record the process and cost causal information generated by each product s to realize the information tracking and management of the articles in the processing and later.
4. Effective anti-counterfeiting. Counterfeit products will become more difficult as consumers can find almost all of the information about the product on the product label. This technique is especially advantageous for high value items.
5. Military field. Some countries have begun to use this technology on military supplies to strengthen the management, inventory and inquiry of materials. The US military began using this technology for the identification of soldiers' personal information during the Gulf War as early as the 1960s. The US Department of Defense requires that all military supplies be electronically tagged after the date.
RFID-based IoT in inventory management The ultimate goal of using RFID-based IoT is undoubtedly to enable enterprises to achieve zero-inventory production, that is, just-in-time production. “Zero inventory†is a special inventory concept that is an important classification concept for industrial and commercial enterprises. The meaning of zero inventory is a concept that the storage quantity of certain or certain items in the form of warehouse storage is very low, and can even be “zeroâ€, that is, not keeping inventory.
The benefits of zero inventory are obvious. If the company can achieve zero inventory in different links. For example, the reduction of inventory funds; the optimization of accounts receivable and accounts payable; the acceleration of capital turnover; the reduction of inventory management costs; and the avoidance of changes in the market and the replacement of products, the risk of price cuts, slow sales and so on. However, in the process of implementation, there will be three major obstacles in the following aspects:
1. The standards are not uniform. The inconsistency of standards (especially those defined by data formats) is the primary factor that constrains the development of RFID. Because each RFID tag has a unique identification code, if its data format is various and incompatible, then RFID products using different standards cannot be used universally. This is very important for the circulation of goods under economic globalization. Adverse.
Another problem with the standard is that there is no official international standard for RFID products (including various frequency bands). At present, RFID products are incompatible with each other, which causes confusion and incompatibility of RFID products in different markets and applications. . This will inevitably create obstacles to the interoperability and development of future RFID products.
2. There are difficulties in technology implementation. How to turn this expensive, up-and-coming proprietary technology into a beneficial supply chain tool is currently the biggest challenge.
3. There are few logistics management applications. From the current status quo, the application of RFID is still limited to the inside of the enterprise, and there is still less attention to how to manage RFID in logistics, because it involves the entire link of the supply chain, including logistics and distribution units, customs, industry and commerce, taxation, etc. Each link. The application of RFID is an ecological environment. Only the label itself cannot be applied. It must have a corresponding application environment and management means to promote the large-scale popularization of electronic labels. In addition, the large-scale application of RFID involves price, privacy protection and security issues. There are still obstacles in the current RFID technology to be applied in the field of confidentiality of information. How to improve the security of electronic tags without increasing too much cost is still a problem to be further studied.
Cylinder Or Power Steering Cylinder
The main components of power steering system are power cylinder, control valve and steering machine. Power steering systems are classified according to the arrangement of these components.
(1) Integral power steering system power cylinder, control valve and steering machine are a unit contained together. This type of power steering system is most common in modern cars.
(2) Pull rod type power steering system power cylinder near the middle position of the steering transmission mechanism. There are two types of pull-rod power steering systems: split and combined.
1) Separated type: power cylinder, control valve and steering machine are completely separated units.
2) combined type: control valve and power cylinder as a unit. The steering machine is a separate unit. (Combined power steering systems are commonly used on heavy trucks and buses)
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