For example, the Mitsubishi plug-in hybrid (PHEV) "Outlander PHEV" and the universal plug-in hybrid "Chevrolet Volanda" basically use the engine to drive the generator.
Mazda is studying a hybrid vehicle (HEV) that uses a rotary engine as a dedicated engine for power generation (but Mazda intends to repurpose the rotor engine as a wheel-driven engine).
The tendency to equip the engine as a driving means will become more apparent in the future. The power unit for the hybrid system "HyperHybrid" of the Austrian OBRIST Powertrain company, which was presented at the "People and Car Technology Exhibition 2015" held this spring, is a representative.
The hybrid system uses a special configuration of a twin cylinder with a series of crankshafts. This becomes a 360-degree crankshaft, so the valve timing of the two cylinders is substantially opposite. Therefore, a camshaft parallel to the crankshaft is provided between the cylinders, and the rocker arms are used to drive the left and right suction valves. The cylinder head design with 1 cam 4 valve realizes the layout of expanding the valve angle and distributing two valves for each cylinder.
Because it is used for power generation, there is no complicated variable valve timing mechanism, but a simplified design in which the cam tip is also shared by the two cylinders. What's interesting is how it works when actually used as a range extender unit. Although there are still problems that must be solved, such as actual vibration characteristics, it is a brand new engine that feels great possibilities.
In addition, at the People and Vehicle Technology Exhibition, unique attempts at pure electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid-related organizations are also everywhere. The British Advanced Innovative Engineering Company (AIE) developed an ultra-small rotary engine and proposed a solution for this. At present, it is surprising that other companies other than Mazda are also developing a rotary engine, but the principle of the engine is very interesting.
There are four types of rotary engines that AIE has actually put into use. The smallest engine has a displacement of 40cc and weighs 2kg. It is small and light and can be placed on the palm of your hand. It can play 5bhp. The largest engine displacement is 650cc, which produces 120bhp, but weighs only 28kg, which is also small and lightweight.
The company believes that the rotor engine can be used for a variety of purposes, and as a power unit for the range extender, the rotor engine is not only small and light, but also beneficial to vibration characteristics.
In order to improve the efficiency of the rotary engine, the company has also developed a specification for adding another rotor that rotates with exhaust gas on the coaxial. The other rotor, called the Exhaust Expander, has the same triangular rotor as the rotor engine, but without the compression and combustion stroke, the housing is rounded.
There is also a method of using a turbocharger in improving the efficiency of the rotor engine. However, in the case where high power is not pursued, it is preferable to use the energy of the exhaust gas to rotate the rotor, and directly recover as a driving force of the eccentric shaft.
It is said that in the experiment, the exhaust expander increased the output power by 20% and reduced the exhaust emissions by 30% (that is, improved fuel efficiency). If the generator is added to one end of the eccentric shaft and the exhaust expander is added to the other end of the eccentric shaft, the assembly will be slightly larger, but even this is enough to achieve a compact power unit.
In addition, if you do not use the driving force directly for driving, you may be able to refocus your development on the power unit used in the concept car of the 1970s, such as gas turbines.
Not only the pressure of the exhaust gas, but the heat energy that was originally discarded can be used to generate electricity, the thermal efficiency of the engine can be further improved.
As pure electric vehicles become a realistic choice, engines are beginning to pursue new possibilities.
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