According to experts' estimates, about 1/3/1/4 of the energy produced in the world is lost on the friction of the two contact surfaces of the various machine pairs. The parts of the machine fail due to friction and wear and must be replaced or repaired. The total number of parts is 6080. It is well known that the addition of an appropriate amount of lubricant between the two contact surfaces of the motion pair greatly reduces friction and reduces wear.
Lubricating oils for automotive transmissions, rear axle gearing and steering mechanisms are commonly referred to as automotive gear oils. Like other lubricants, automotive gear oils reduce friction and wear on gears and bearings, enhance heat dissipation from friction surfaces, and prevent corrosion of parts. However, the operating conditions of the automotive transmission gear oil are different from those of the engine oil, so the performance requirements are different from the engine oil. Automotive gear oils must have suitable viscosity, sufficient load carrying capacity, good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, rust resistance, foam resistance and storage stability. Therefore, the automotive gear oils currently used generally incorporate some additives, such as extreme pressure anti-wear agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, detergent dispersants, friction modifiers and Adhesive.
At present, a certain number of gear oil additives have appeared on the market. These new additives include boron compounds in addition to sulfur and phosphorus compounds. The authors have chosen a gear oil heavy-duty vehicle load that is currently well reflected in the market. Experiments were carried out to improve the transmission efficiency and reduce the grinding effect of the vehicle transmission mechanism under different speeds and loads.
1 Test equipment and test method The test model used was Beijing Jeep (BJ2020), and the test was carried out on the chassis dynamometer. A noise meter is installed at a fixed position near each transmission mechanism of the vehicle to measure the noise of the transmission mechanism; the surface temperature of the transmission mechanism is measured by a point thermometer, and the gear oil in the transmission, the transfer case, the differential is replaced before the test, and the tire is adjusted. The air pressure is 16 standard atmospheres, and 500kg sandbags are added to the car. The test procedure is as follows: (1) preheating the engine to the specified water temperature and oil temperature; (2) hoisting the transmission into the first gear; (3) increasing the throttle opening to the predetermined position, and simultaneously loading the chassis with the dynamometer to make the engine speed Stable at 2020r/min; (4) Under the above conditions, measure the wheel output power, rear axle surface temperature, and predetermined position noise near the transmission every 3 minutes; (5) change the chassis dynamometer load to stabilize the engine speed 3200r/min, repeat the above test process; (6) stop cooling, and add 6 gear oil heavy load liquid in the car transmission, transfer case, differential respectively; (7) the vehicle runs 50km, so that the added The additive forms a good oil film on the friction surface; (8) stops, and repeats the test procedure of (1) (5) after the engine is cooled.
2 Test results and analysis of the average value of multiple measurements of the front and rear wheel output power of the gear oil additive and the noise level near the transmission at different speeds of the car engine.
At different times and at different speeds, the front and rear transmission surface temperature curves of the gear oil additive are added.
Before and after adding additive, when the engine speed is 2020r/min, the increase of wheel output power is 573 after adding heavy load fluid to the vehicle drive train. When the speed is 3200r/min, the increase is 217. It can be seen that the automobile gear oil heavy load liquid can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of the automobile transmission system, especially in the medium speed of the engine. When the load is large, the improvement effect is more obvious than the high speed and low load.
The test data also shows that after adding the load oil of the gear oil to the vehicle drive train, the drive train noise is reduced by 24dB. It can be seen that the additive reduces the friction of the friction surface, thereby reducing the meshing noise of the transmission component.
Since part of the gears in the automotive drive train are immersed in the gear oil, the loss of transmission efficiency includes two parts: friction loss and oil loss. In this test, the accelerator opening of the car is fixed, and the increase of the engine speed is achieved by reducing the braking torque of the chassis dynamometer. Therefore, in the test, as the engine speed increases, the powertrain lost oil loss increases; at the same time, the friction loss of the drive train is reduced due to the reduction of the load.
When the engine speed is low and the load is high, the surface temperature of the transmission is reduced more than the high speed and low load conditions after adding the additive. This phenomenon indicates that when the engine speed is low, the oil loss is correspondingly low. After adding the load oil of the gear oil, the effect of improving the friction and wear of the drive train is obvious, so that the temperature of the friction surface drops significantly, and the output power of the wheel is obviously improved. When the engine speed is high and the load is low, the improvement of the transmission efficiency of the additive is partially submerged by the obvious increase of the oil loss, and the increase of the gear oil to the agitation of the gear oil causes the temperature of the drive train surface to rise, resulting in When the additive is added at high speed and low load, the temperature drop of the drive train surface is lower than that of the low speed and high load conditions, resulting in a decrease in the transmission efficiency.
3 Conclusions (1) Adding a certain proportion of gear oil to the vehicle drive train can reduce the friction and wear on the surface of the transmission parts and significantly improve the transmission efficiency of the vehicle transmission system.
(2) Gear oil heavy vehicle load fluid can reduce the drive train noise and system temperature, which is beneficial to improve the working environment of the drive train, improve reliability and reduce noise pollution to the environment.
(3) Gear oil heavy truck load fluid is more effective in improving the transmission efficiency of the engine under low speed and heavy load conditions.
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