In August 2014, Japan's Sumitomo and eight other parts and components companies were punished by the National Development and Reform Commission for 83.196 billion yuan due to price monopoly. Four bearing companies such as Seiko Japan were punished by the National Development and Reform Commission for a total fine of 4.0344 billion yuan due to price monopoly. The total fine was 1.2354 billion yuan. Yuan, the first shot of anti-monopoly in China's auto industry chain started in the spare parts sector. For this, CCID Consulting's Equipment Industry Research Center believes that the auto parts field is the cornerstone for the development of the vehicle industry. This anti-monopoly reflects the weakness of China in the auto parts sector. Most of the core technologies are monopolized by foreign companies. It also warns about the future development of China's auto industry. In the wave of future development of the auto industry, China needs to actively increase investment in R&D for independent intellectual property rights and manufacturing technologies for auto parts and core components, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and truly realize the development of automobiles. Big countries are transforming into automobile powerhouses.
I. There are obvious weaknesses in the core component links in China's auto industry chain
(I) The lack of domestic core component technologies and low productivity In 2013, China’s auto output volume has exceeded 20 million, indicating that China’s auto industry has entered a period of rapid development. However, the long-term lack of core technologies in the auto parts sector has not Get eased. Seven of the 12 key components such as automotive bearings and oil seals still need to rely on foreign technology. Taking bearing as an example, in terms of production technology, the total number of types and specifications of global bearing products is about 150,000, while our country can only produce more than 20,000 kinds of products. Most of them are general-purpose products with low technical content, such as vibration and noise. In terms of core technology, the bearings produced in China are at a level of more than 10 decibels more than the products manufactured by Japan's leading bearing manufacturers at the vibration extreme level, and other factors such as service life and reliability are also far away from the world's top level. In terms of output: Although the number of companies has more than 2,000, which is more than 5 or 6 times the total number of companies in other bearing-producing countries, the output is extremely low, and the annual output value of Sweden's SKF company that was ranked as the world’s total production value even last year was not even ( About half a billion yuan (RMB).
(II) The leading foreign companies still monopolize the parts and components sector. Through the 2013 Top 100 auto parts companies in the world, we can see that the traditional strong countries of auto parts are still strong. For example, the United States has 23 companies including Johnson Controls, Cummins, and Delphi. , Germany has Bosch, China, ZF, etc. A total of 21 companies have been short-listed. Japan has a total of 26 companies including Denso, Aisin Seiki, and Jietetete. The total of the three countries has already occupied 70% of the list. As the world's largest automobile production and sales country, China has only four industries, namely Weichai Power, Zhongce Rubber, Linglong Tire and CITIC Dica. At the same time, most foreign companies in the top 100 auto parts enterprises in the world produce high-value-added core parts and components such as powertrains and automotive electronics. However, the four companies that are shortlisted in China are mostly producing tires and wheels. , glass and other low value-added auto parts products companies. In addition to the obvious gap between the number of leading enterprises and product categories, foreign companies are also far ahead in terms of market share. In the domestic market, auto parts companies with foreign backgrounds account for up to 75%, and some multinational auto parts companies are in the country. The establishment of a wholly-owned factory or the acquisition of Chinese shares of a joint-venture factory will form a complete industrial chain from R&D, production, sales to services, which will facilitate its occupation of the domestic market share.
2. After the anti-monopoly, the market will return to orderly competition, but domestic companies still have a weak position in the competition.
(I) Channel factors: Car companies have too much say, which indirectly contributes to monopoly of foreign companies The price of domestic auto parts is extremely high. The main reason is that auto manufacturers have too much right to speak, and parts in 4S stores must be required. All of them were obtained from manufacturers, leading manufacturers to limit the purchase channels of parts and components in 4S stores and master the pricing power of parts and components, so that selected foreign products can get rid of the competition with other brands, and gave birth to the formation of monopoly status. . At the same time, the domestic after-sales service model is single, with 4S shop after-sales maintenance as the main, and consumers lack the scope for self-selection when using spare parts for maintenance, which further exacerbates the monopoly of leading enterprises in the parts and components industry. Although the malicious monopoly of Japanese companies was abolished, as the marketization became more perfect, the competitive advantages brought by monopoly status of foreign companies would become even more prominent. Leading companies such as Europe and America would also fully snatch market share that Japan had occupied for years due to malicious monopoly. .
(2) Technical factors: Lack of core technology leads to the continued weakness of domestic enterprises' competitiveness. Current segment China's domestic auto parts sector is subject to the lack of core technologies and is in a scattered, weak, and low state. In the core areas of engine management systems, power matching systems, safety and electronic control systems, fuel injection systems, and automatic transmissions, the core technologies of Chinese enterprises have little knowledge and are basically monopolized by leading foreign companies. According to the latest data from the Ministry of Commerce, foreign investment controls most of the market share of auto parts sales. Last year, domestic auto parts sales accounted for only 20%-25% of the whole industry, auto parts manufacturers with foreign background accounted for 75 More than %, among these foreign suppliers, the sole proprietorship accounted for 55%, and Sino-foreign joint ventures accounted for 45%. Taking the transmission as an example, the annual sales volume of automatic transmissions in China has reached nearly 10 million units, while the parts and components factories in China have provided less than 100,000 units. The automatic transmission developed by China is basically zero. Manufacturers basically only stay at the lower end of the production manual transmission. Due to the lack of independent research and development capabilities and core technologies, Chinese self-owned brand parts and components can only use resources and cheap labor to gain market share. However, as labor costs continue to rise, the prices of international resource markets continue to rise, and China’s independent companies rely on competition. The advantages are being eroded gradually, and the problem of lack of independent intellectual property rights and core manufacturing technologies is also constantly being amplified.
(III) Market factors: Foreign companies control the market and will take this opportunity to accelerate their expansion in China This anti-monopoly in China has issued a 1.2-million-thousand-thousand-yard ticket. It appears to many outsiders that it is a heavy hammer, but the reality is not the case. Of the 12 Japanese parts companies, 2 were proactively reporting and providing evidence to be exempted from punishment. The lowest fines in the other 10 were 4% of the previous year's sales, and the highest was 8%. The fines were imposed on these companies for a year in the Chinese market. The amount of profit is almost the same, reflecting the large market share of Japanese companies in China and the huge profits. It is precisely because of the large degree of market freedom in the spare parts sector that foreign-funded enterprises can freely arrange, not only without restrictions, but also enjoy preferential treatment for the introduction of foreign investment by governments at all levels, and more and more foreign companies are entering the Chinese market. Some foreign companies also sought Chinese partners for joint ventures in the early years, and later turned to wholly-owned factories. In addition, the quality of joint venture vehicles and self-owned brand vehicles has also been purchased in large quantities in recent years. Foreign-funded parts have been moved downwards through the product line. The monopoly of the high-end market extends to the erosion of the low-end market. It is precisely the operation of this model that has led many foreign companies including Bosch, Devereul, and Virginia to target the eradication of the malicious monopoly of Japanese companies, and put forward the performance goal of accelerating their business growth in China, and actively rob the market. Share.
Third, the government and enterprises rationally boost the development of auto parts and components industry
(I) Improve the relevant laws and regulations in China's auto industry. Take this anti-monopoly as an opportunity to improve the legal and regulatory system in China's auto industry, and meet the current status of China's auto market. At the same time, it will complement and complement China's Anti-Monopoly Law. To help ensure the development of China's auto industry. Suggestions are as follows: 1. Appropriately open up the Chinese auto market, loosen the "exclusive authorization" of auto manufacturers, break the control rights of manufacturers for the purchase channels of parts and components, and enable car dealers and distributors to form an equal cooperative relationship and get rid of this malformation at this stage. Subordinate control relationships. 2. Incorporate powerful and trusted retailers and e-commerce companies into the sales system of original parts and components. For some non-safety and replaceable parts, encourage more supporting manufacturers to participate in the competition and allow entry. 4S shop sales allow consumers to independently choose their favorite brand, thereby encouraging domestic brands to expand the market, so that their products can enter the consumer's choice.
(II) Strengthening domestic enterprises' research and development of core automotive component technologies as well as the introduction of professional talents. In recent years, domestic companies have been struggling with core technology R&D. Driven by profits, most component manufacturers are completely based on vehicle companies. The demand for production, most of the domestic parts and components companies still stay in the map processing, sample mapping stage, in the face of automakers to launch new models, new varieties, new technologies, fast-paced high demand, many auto parts companies can only We are struggling to cope with R&D tasks and have no time to take care of upgrading our basic R&D and supporting capabilities.
At the same time, the gradient construction of China's auto talent is extremely lacking, and “green and yellow are not connectedâ€. Older generation autos have less experience, and new-generation autos have more theoretical and practical reasons. The phenomena of production, education, and research are still present in their respective arrays. There is a lack of close connection between them, and the demand is not symmetrical. The professional talents cultivated in colleges and universities are severely disconnected from the theory and practice of enterprises. In this regard, the state should encourage domestic companies to conduct in-depth cooperation with universities and research institutes to create a positive interaction between theory and practice, and increase investment in research and development, strengthen the introduction and cultivation of professionals, and prevent large areas of talent To the loss of foreign-funded enterprises, high-level companies should not only focus on the immediate interests, should do a long-term planning for enterprise development.
(III) Government's Macro Guidance, Enterprises' Focus on Scientific Research, and Targeting the Future Development of the Core Components Industry Nowadays, the monopoly of technology in the auto parts industry is still due to the “lightweight components of heavy trucks†proposed in the early development of the automobile industry in China. Compared with the state's 50:50 red line for investment in vehicle construction, the country’s investment policy for auto parts and components does not have a joint-venture-to-share ratio limit, which has led to the late phase of joint ventures and the mastery of product technology. In the process of negotiating the introduction of new products and technologies, China’s discourse power has been continuously weakened and its equity has been diluted so that more and more foreign-funded enterprises have chosen to set up factories solely in China. In recent years, the country has gradually realized the existence and seriousness of this issue. It has issued some policies for foreign-invested companies that need to export their products to reduce the occupation of the domestic market. However, with the localization of foreign-funded enterprises, this move has had little effect. .
In this regard, CCID Consulting recommends: First, the government should establish incentives for OEMs to use domestically produced new energy auto parts and components, and award rewards for the number of parts and components companies that have purchased the entry-reported country’s encouragement catalog, thus promoting domestically-owned brands. Develop and expand influence. With reference to the development of the traditional auto parts industry, China should strive to cultivate leading enterprises, accelerate industrial restructuring and realize resource integration, and take mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures as the first measure to prevent the impact of multinational auto parts companies, so as to ensure the stable market share of the company; Enterprises should aim for the future, especially in the increasingly fierce new energy vehicle field in recent years, focusing on the field of new energy auto parts and components, responding to the national “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, actively expanding the market, organizing special studies, and conducting in-depth research. It proposes systematic ideas, strategies, and approaches for fostering new energy auto parts industry, gradually expands and expands, enhances the competitiveness of enterprises, grasps the right to speak, and avoids repeating the mistakes of the traditional auto parts industry in the future.
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