Analysis of Structure and Design of Scroll Compressor

It has been proposed nearly a hundred years ago, but it has only developed into industrial products that can be produced in high efficiency and in large quantities in the past three decades. From the beginning of the development of the scroll compressor, its development direction has been determined. That is, in the direction of improving energy efficiency and improving noise characteristics. Product reliability is also an important design criterion, especially for the allowable limits of liquid refrigerants and for system contamination and wear. These parameters form the basis for the development of scroll compressor products with excellent operating characteristics and reliability.

From the point of view of mechanical and heat transfer, the scroll compressor has the following advantages: the sliding speed of all contact points in the scroll compressor mechanism is low, which makes it possible to achieve sealing by direct contact. No oil is required as a sealant. This contact eliminates the presence of a gap, thereby reducing the leakage to an absolute minimum. Another feature of scroll compressors is that the gas flows uniformly to the center so that flow losses and heat transfer from high to low temperatures are minimized. The slow, multi-chamber compression process also reduces the airflow rate. In addition, the use of an intake and exhaust valve member can reduce power loss and eliminate the sudden flow of the compressor that uses the valve member. The inherent noise and vibration of the scroll compressor are low. The source of noise is relatively independent of gas fluctuations and increases with an irregular mechanical shock primarily from the contact surface of the scroll blades. Therefore, the blade profile is required to have high mechanical precision and surface finish quality to reduce noise. The vibration control is mainly to determine the balance block size to provide a dynamic balance for the mass of the moving scroll. The low number of moving parts, combined with the absence of dynamic valve parts, provides high product reliability, especially in terms of the allowable limits of liquid refrigerants. For unit air conditioning systems, temporary liquid backflow during liquid refrigerant migration and start-up during shutdown periods can result in very high pressure loads on the compressor mechanical system and cause compressor damage.

The optimum point of the scroll compressor can be designed on the pressure ratio, and the isentropic efficiency in a certain range is significantly higher than that of the piston compressor. Similarly, scroll compressors operate at higher efficiency than rotor compressors because of less leakage of compressed gas and less loss of fluid flow resistance. The scroll compressor has no suction and exhaust valves, the fluid flow resistance loss is minimized, and because the fully flexible fit, the scroll can be separated when the pressure is too high, which is an important cause of damage to the compressor. When liquid refrigerant hits, it can withstand the high stress generated by the liquid hammer process. The challenges faced by piston and rotor compressors in dealing with similar situations are much greater.

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