1. Prepare for the job
Agricultural mechanized production requires careful organization and preparation before the operation. Well prepared, can effectively reduce tractor empty line and engine idling, improve time utilization and reduce fuel consumption. Preparation should be done:
(1) According to the service object, the operation project and the land parcel determine the driving route, avoid the round-trip transfer of the car, try to do the maintenance, refueling, shift shift "three to the field".
(2) Debugging tools. Comprehensively check the technical status of the implements, and install and adjust according to agricultural technical requirements and technical requirements. Such as regulator whole plant spacing, broadcast amount of marker, etc., and field operation test, the hidden dangers are excluded before the operation.
(3) Viewing plots and roads, depending on the specific conditions of soil quality, sensation and ground temperature, determine the operation time and method, and do a good job in arranging the land plan, rationally zone, and reduce the ground turn. If necessary, clear the field barriers and renovate the road.
2. Rational use of agricultural machinery is an important part of reducing fuel consumption
(1) Reasonable grouping, paralleling multiple farm implements under possible conditions, maximizing the working width of the farm tools and using duplex operations as much as possible. Such as arable land at the same time smashing, sowing, cultivating and fertilizing at the same time, cultivating deep pine and so on. Achieve reasonable grouping and give full play to mechanical efficiency.
(2) Used properly. It is necessary to minimize the number of tractors entering the ground, seize the lyrical work, and strictly follow the agricultural farming technical requirements to ensure the quality of the work. It is also necessary to reform the old farming system to meet the requirements of mechanized operations, such as promoting corn-free cultivating.
(3) Correct operation. Tractor start, driving, parking, flameout, and steering and shifting during driving: braking, oil supply and other operations are directly related to fuel consumption. To keep the starting device intact and stop for a long time, it should be turned off in time. To save fuel, you should also choose the appropriate gear and throttle operation. When using light load, apply high-grade small throttle. Take Dongfanghong 802 tractor as an example. The fourth-speed small throttle is about 20% more fuel than the first-class throttle. Keep the engine at normal water temperature. Working at oil temperature can also save fuel. The experiment proves that under the same conditions, the water consumption is the least when the water temperature is 80 degrees Celsius to 90 degrees Celsius, the water consumption of the water temperature is 60 degrees Celsius is increased by 3% to 4%, and the water temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, the fuel consumption is increased by 25%. The oil temperature is too high, which deteriorates the oil and shortens the service life. To change the bad habit of slamming the throttle before the flame is extinguished in the driving, the throttle is slammed, the engine is not well caught, and the wear and fuel consumption of the parts are increased. In addition, the throttle should be closed when the ground turns.
3. Keep the agricultural machinery in good technical condition
The technical state of the tractor and the implement is closely related to the fuel consumption, which is the basic work of fuel economy. A considerable number of drivers are now unfamiliar with agricultural machinery technology, resulting in poor condition of the implements. The engine cylinder has insufficient compression force, the injector nozzle is poorly sprayed, the fuel supply advance angle is incorrect, the air filter is clogged, and the lubrication is poor, which increases fuel consumption. For example, the injection angle is 3-4 degrees ahead of the regulation, and the fuel consumption is increased by 1.5%-2%. The gears of the tractor transmission, the gearbox, the central transmission and the reducer are not well matched and the lubrication is poor. The transmission efficiency is reduced, and the power of the engine is largely lost in the transmission, and the fuel consumption is increased. The technical state of the traveling device is not good, and the fuel consumption is also greatly affected. The test found that if the tire pressure is 20% lower than the specified, the fuel consumption will increase by about 10%. Good state of the farm implement also has an impact on fuel consumption. For example, if the blade of the plough is dull, the traction resistance of the plough will increase by 20%-30%. To reduce fuel consumption, it is necessary to ensure that the traction line of the agricultural implement is properly adjusted, the surface of the working part is smooth, and the cutting edge is sharp. It is necessary to ensure that the transmission of the machine is effective and reliable, the rotation is flexible, the lubrication is good, and the blockage is eliminated in time. Tractor oil spills, people often don't care, but this is a loophole that cannot be ignored. At present, tractors generally leak oil, 5 to 6 fewer, more than a dozen, and should vigorously carry out tractor leakage and leakage prevention activities.
4. Maintenance of agricultural machinery according to regulations
(1) Maintain air filter, diesel filter, and oil filter.
(2) Replace the lubricating oil on schedule. If the oil is changed too late, the lubricating oil will deteriorate and increase the wear of the parts; if the oil is changed too early, the oil will be wasted.
(3) Refueling according to the specified oil level. If the oil level of the oil pan is too high, the oil will burn to the combustion chamber. Excessive oil levels in other parts can accelerate the damage of the oil seal and cause leakage. The smooth flow of the crankcase vent can keep the crankcase into a negative pressure to prevent leakage of oil. At the same time, it can discharge water vapor and oil vapor to avoid polluting the oil.
(4) Reasonable use of cleaning oil should be cleaned according to the degree of contamination of the parts. For example, first wash the diesel filter, then wash the air filter filter, and finally wash the oil filter. In the repair room, centralized cleaning with a washing tank truck can save cleaning oil.
5. Machine modification
(1) Diesel is warmed. After the engine combustion system has been technically modified, the diesel fuel is heated by the exhaust pipe before entering the fuel pump: the diesel temperature is increased after heating, the atomization condition is improved, the diesel fuel is fully burned, and the fuel is saved and the engine power is increased. . The modified tractor can save about 5% of fuel.
(2) Modified oil filter. In many car groups, the wire oil filter is converted into a sawdust paper pad filter, a cotton filter, and a toilet paper filter, which improves the filtration performance and prolongs the use time of the oil.
(3) Install a fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device. The fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is easy to maintain. If a large and medium-sized tractor consumes 5,000 kg of diesel per year, after installing the fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device, according to the 5% fuel-saving plan, the fuel can be saved by 250 kg a year, and the fuel-saving effect is considerable.
6. Do a good job of oil purification
Oil purification is not only an important measure for energy conservation, but also important for reducing machine failure, reducing machine wear, improving tractor “three rates†and extending tractor service life. Do a good job in oil purification: closed, filtered, precipitated, cleaned, drained and buffered, unloaded, floated, and metered. Conditional oil spots and more large-scale machine-farming teams and agricultural machinery professional households should establish fuel purification devices according to their respective conditions, so that oil purification can meet the qualified requirements.
Agricultural mechanized production requires careful organization and preparation before the operation. Well prepared, can effectively reduce tractor empty line and engine idling, improve time utilization and reduce fuel consumption. Preparation should be done:
(1) According to the service object, the operation project and the land parcel determine the driving route, avoid the round-trip transfer of the car, try to do the maintenance, refueling, shift shift "three to the field".
(2) Debugging tools. Comprehensively check the technical status of the implements, and install and adjust according to agricultural technical requirements and technical requirements. Such as regulator whole plant spacing, broadcast amount of marker, etc., and field operation test, the hidden dangers are excluded before the operation.
(3) Viewing plots and roads, depending on the specific conditions of soil quality, sensation and ground temperature, determine the operation time and method, and do a good job in arranging the land plan, rationally zone, and reduce the ground turn. If necessary, clear the field barriers and renovate the road.
2. Rational use of agricultural machinery is an important part of reducing fuel consumption
(1) Reasonable grouping, paralleling multiple farm implements under possible conditions, maximizing the working width of the farm tools and using duplex operations as much as possible. Such as arable land at the same time smashing, sowing, cultivating and fertilizing at the same time, cultivating deep pine and so on. Achieve reasonable grouping and give full play to mechanical efficiency.
(2) Used properly. It is necessary to minimize the number of tractors entering the ground, seize the lyrical work, and strictly follow the agricultural farming technical requirements to ensure the quality of the work. It is also necessary to reform the old farming system to meet the requirements of mechanized operations, such as promoting corn-free cultivating.
(3) Correct operation. Tractor start, driving, parking, flameout, and steering and shifting during driving: braking, oil supply and other operations are directly related to fuel consumption. To keep the starting device intact and stop for a long time, it should be turned off in time. To save fuel, you should also choose the appropriate gear and throttle operation. When using light load, apply high-grade small throttle. Take Dongfanghong 802 tractor as an example. The fourth-speed small throttle is about 20% more fuel than the first-class throttle. Keep the engine at normal water temperature. Working at oil temperature can also save fuel. The experiment proves that under the same conditions, the water consumption is the least when the water temperature is 80 degrees Celsius to 90 degrees Celsius, the water consumption of the water temperature is 60 degrees Celsius is increased by 3% to 4%, and the water temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, the fuel consumption is increased by 25%. The oil temperature is too high, which deteriorates the oil and shortens the service life. To change the bad habit of slamming the throttle before the flame is extinguished in the driving, the throttle is slammed, the engine is not well caught, and the wear and fuel consumption of the parts are increased. In addition, the throttle should be closed when the ground turns.
3. Keep the agricultural machinery in good technical condition
The technical state of the tractor and the implement is closely related to the fuel consumption, which is the basic work of fuel economy. A considerable number of drivers are now unfamiliar with agricultural machinery technology, resulting in poor condition of the implements. The engine cylinder has insufficient compression force, the injector nozzle is poorly sprayed, the fuel supply advance angle is incorrect, the air filter is clogged, and the lubrication is poor, which increases fuel consumption. For example, the injection angle is 3-4 degrees ahead of the regulation, and the fuel consumption is increased by 1.5%-2%. The gears of the tractor transmission, the gearbox, the central transmission and the reducer are not well matched and the lubrication is poor. The transmission efficiency is reduced, and the power of the engine is largely lost in the transmission, and the fuel consumption is increased. The technical state of the traveling device is not good, and the fuel consumption is also greatly affected. The test found that if the tire pressure is 20% lower than the specified, the fuel consumption will increase by about 10%. Good state of the farm implement also has an impact on fuel consumption. For example, if the blade of the plough is dull, the traction resistance of the plough will increase by 20%-30%. To reduce fuel consumption, it is necessary to ensure that the traction line of the agricultural implement is properly adjusted, the surface of the working part is smooth, and the cutting edge is sharp. It is necessary to ensure that the transmission of the machine is effective and reliable, the rotation is flexible, the lubrication is good, and the blockage is eliminated in time. Tractor oil spills, people often don't care, but this is a loophole that cannot be ignored. At present, tractors generally leak oil, 5 to 6 fewer, more than a dozen, and should vigorously carry out tractor leakage and leakage prevention activities.
4. Maintenance of agricultural machinery according to regulations
(1) Maintain air filter, diesel filter, and oil filter.
(2) Replace the lubricating oil on schedule. If the oil is changed too late, the lubricating oil will deteriorate and increase the wear of the parts; if the oil is changed too early, the oil will be wasted.
(3) Refueling according to the specified oil level. If the oil level of the oil pan is too high, the oil will burn to the combustion chamber. Excessive oil levels in other parts can accelerate the damage of the oil seal and cause leakage. The smooth flow of the crankcase vent can keep the crankcase into a negative pressure to prevent leakage of oil. At the same time, it can discharge water vapor and oil vapor to avoid polluting the oil.
(4) Reasonable use of cleaning oil should be cleaned according to the degree of contamination of the parts. For example, first wash the diesel filter, then wash the air filter filter, and finally wash the oil filter. In the repair room, centralized cleaning with a washing tank truck can save cleaning oil.
5. Machine modification
(1) Diesel is warmed. After the engine combustion system has been technically modified, the diesel fuel is heated by the exhaust pipe before entering the fuel pump: the diesel temperature is increased after heating, the atomization condition is improved, the diesel fuel is fully burned, and the fuel is saved and the engine power is increased. . The modified tractor can save about 5% of fuel.
(2) Modified oil filter. In many car groups, the wire oil filter is converted into a sawdust paper pad filter, a cotton filter, and a toilet paper filter, which improves the filtration performance and prolongs the use time of the oil.
(3) Install a fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device. The fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is easy to maintain. If a large and medium-sized tractor consumes 5,000 kg of diesel per year, after installing the fuel-saving and smoke-reducing device, according to the 5% fuel-saving plan, the fuel can be saved by 250 kg a year, and the fuel-saving effect is considerable.
6. Do a good job of oil purification
Oil purification is not only an important measure for energy conservation, but also important for reducing machine failure, reducing machine wear, improving tractor “three rates†and extending tractor service life. Do a good job in oil purification: closed, filtered, precipitated, cleaned, drained and buffered, unloaded, floated, and metered. Conditional oil spots and more large-scale machine-farming teams and agricultural machinery professional households should establish fuel purification devices according to their respective conditions, so that oil purification can meet the qualified requirements.
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