Metal ore mining in China has a long history, technology ancient times have metal mining, and more standardized and reasonable. With the development of science and technology, the mining technology of metal ore cannot meet the requirements of development, so that it is in a backward state. The traditional manual operation mining method has been gradually eliminated. Although the automatic and intelligent metal mining has been realized, it is affected by the characteristics of large mines, small mines, rich ore, and poor ore in China. Resource production is decreasing. Therefore, only by strengthening mining technology and rationally planning the amount of mining, can the production of metal ore resources be effectively improved.
1 Analysis of the basic situation of metal mining Mining is a process of mining ore from underground deposits. The process is mainly divided into three processes: mining, mining, and cutting. There are two ways to mine : above-ground mining and underground mining. In recent years, with the gradual increase of underground mining of metal mines, the mining process has gradually escalated, from traditional manual operations to mechanized operations, to achieve automation of metal mining. At present, the advanced technology of underground mining in China's metal mines is underground continuous mining technology. There are two main methods of mining technology. The hardness of the ore body determines the construction type: one is when the hardness of the ore body is small, when each process is constructed. Continuously parallel construction; the other is that when the ore body hardness is large, the mining construction section will be divided into several stages, and the different construction sections will be continuously and parallelly constructed, so each process needs to be coordinated during mining.
2 Main strategies for underground mining of metal mines
2.1 Choosing a reasonable mining method In the process of metal mining, due to the massive accumulation of underground ore, the ore body is covered. Therefore, it is necessary to mine the ore body. First, the ore should be excavated and mined. The way to take it is to first open the roadway and open the working passage. The roadway can be a flat road or a slope road. The mining of underground mines is first to excavate the roadway engineering, which is divided into three parts: development, mining and mining. The development is mainly for the development of mineral deposits, which enters the underground ore body from the ground through the wellbore. The development of the deposit can keep the surface and deposits completely connected and ventilated, as well as drainage and transportation routes, facilitating the initial preparation and mining work of the miners. The pioneering methods mainly include shaft development, inclined well development and joint development. The most common way is the shaft development method, which accounts for about 80% of the metal mine development. When the mine has a deeper development depth, the efficiency of the shaft development method is higher. In the implementation of inclined shaft development, a variety of different development methods can be combined according to the method of well field division and the arrangement within the stage, usually with single horizontal partitioning of inclined wells and single horizontal zoned type of inclined wells, and multi-level inclined wells. Partitioned and inclined well multi-level zoned. The joint development method mainly uses two or more types of wells to jointly develop a well field. For the mining of underground deposits, it can be divided into two stages, which are carried out first and then below. According to the different strikes of the deposits, the deposits can be divided into different ore blocks for mining.
There are three types of underground mining methods. One is when the ore in the mining area is relatively hard, the surrounding rock is relatively stable and resistant to vibration. When the mine is safe and open, it can be safely mined under the condition of pillar support. The second type is the artificial support mining method. In this way, the working face of the mining will be continuously expanded and the goaf will be expanded. The last one is the caving mining method, which uses the collapsed surrounding rock in the mining area to fill the goaf, which can achieve the purpose of controlling the ground pressure.
2.1 Improve safety and safety In the underground mining process of metal mines, once an accident occurs, it will directly lead to the interruption of mining work and damage to the mining area. If it is re-exploited, it will take a long time to repair the damage stage. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of underground mining of metal mines, all aspects of safety protection measures must be taken. Firstly, an underground protective warning device should be installed to check the underground air and humidity at any time. If there is gas accumulation, the protection warning device will issue an alarm and then conduct air guiding operation, thus eliminating the potential danger caused by gas accumulation. . Second, you need to check the underground support protection system. Collapse is a common dangerous accident in underground mining, and the collapse of the mine will also cause serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the safety protection devices of the mines and solve the problems in time to make the working environment of the underground well. Finally, the use of high-tech transmission equipment for underground mining of metal ore, the two most important aspects of mineral mining is mineral transportation and mineral mining. The main problem after mining is transportation. Traditional mineral mining usually adopts manual packing and handling, which results in low transportation efficiency. Therefore, transportation of metal minerals should be carried out by transporting tracks, which not only can improve the mining process, but also Improve the efficiency of rice.
2.2 Using advanced mining equipment The mining equipment in the traditional metal mining is relatively backward, which will inevitably lead to low mining efficiency. Therefore, in order to ensure the mining efficiency of metal mines, it is necessary to introduce advanced mining equipment. A remote mining control device based on a computer-controlled platform can be used, which can significantly improve the efficiency of metal mining underground mining. In addition, you can use the full tester to achieve high-precision measurement. The whole tester is an electronic speed tester that integrates optoelectronics. It has excellent surveying and mapping functions and first-class mapping technology. Once installed, all measurement work can be completed. This kind of measuring instrument is widely used, breaking the engineering procedures of the first control and the broken part, and is not affected by the weather and the sighting, which greatly shortens the measuring time. It is an indispensable high-tech measuring instrument in precision engineering measurement. The use of GPS global positioning system in the measurement can make the mining position more precise and improve the purpose of mining. The remote detection device can accurately locate the mining area and then use the controlled mining equipment for underground mining, thus making the underground mining area The efficiency of mining is greatly enhanced.
2.3 Choosing the right mining technology With the continuous development of mining technology, China's mining technology has developed from a small number of shallow-air mining to various types of mining technology. There are three common underground mining technologies : natural mining technology, artificially supported mining technology, and caving mining technology. Natural mining technology, also known as open field mining, mainly uses the stability of surrounding rock to maintain the mining process, and the goaf uses brackets as temporary support. This mining technology requires surrounding rock and ore. Have a certain stability. The natural support mining method has a simple structure and a simple mining process, so the mining cost is often relatively low, and it is suitable for mining in a relatively stable mining area where both surrounding rock and ore are relatively stable. However, this mining technology also has certain limitations, and the recovery rate is relatively low in the mining of ore bodies above the medium and thick layers. Manual support mining uses filling materials to maintain the goaf. With the advancement of mining work, relevant filling materials such as slag and gravel can be sent into the goaf, and ground pressure management is implemented to control the movement of the surface. The main purpose of this mining technology is to use the formed filling body for ground pressure management. Control the sinking of the surface to create a better environment for future mining. The caving mining technology is suitable for surface subsidence or an ore body where the surrounding rock is prone to collapse. Therefore, the underground mining of metal mines needs to select the appropriate mining method according to the specific conditions of the mine, in order to improve the efficiency of mining.
3 Conclusion
In short, to improve the mining efficiency of metal mines, it is necessary to improve the level of mining technology, implement green mining, and strengthen the control of mining safety devices. With modern mining equipment, high-efficiency mining can only be achieved with quality assurance.
Article source: "Non-ferrous Metal Digest"; 2015.4
Author: New Tang Chao, Jilin Province, Guangdong International Trust and Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130000
1 Analysis of the basic situation of metal mining Mining is a process of mining ore from underground deposits. The process is mainly divided into three processes: mining, mining, and cutting. There are two ways to mine : above-ground mining and underground mining. In recent years, with the gradual increase of underground mining of metal mines, the mining process has gradually escalated, from traditional manual operations to mechanized operations, to achieve automation of metal mining. At present, the advanced technology of underground mining in China's metal mines is underground continuous mining technology. There are two main methods of mining technology. The hardness of the ore body determines the construction type: one is when the hardness of the ore body is small, when each process is constructed. Continuously parallel construction; the other is that when the ore body hardness is large, the mining construction section will be divided into several stages, and the different construction sections will be continuously and parallelly constructed, so each process needs to be coordinated during mining.
2 Main strategies for underground mining of metal mines
2.1 Choosing a reasonable mining method In the process of metal mining, due to the massive accumulation of underground ore, the ore body is covered. Therefore, it is necessary to mine the ore body. First, the ore should be excavated and mined. The way to take it is to first open the roadway and open the working passage. The roadway can be a flat road or a slope road. The mining of underground mines is first to excavate the roadway engineering, which is divided into three parts: development, mining and mining. The development is mainly for the development of mineral deposits, which enters the underground ore body from the ground through the wellbore. The development of the deposit can keep the surface and deposits completely connected and ventilated, as well as drainage and transportation routes, facilitating the initial preparation and mining work of the miners. The pioneering methods mainly include shaft development, inclined well development and joint development. The most common way is the shaft development method, which accounts for about 80% of the metal mine development. When the mine has a deeper development depth, the efficiency of the shaft development method is higher. In the implementation of inclined shaft development, a variety of different development methods can be combined according to the method of well field division and the arrangement within the stage, usually with single horizontal partitioning of inclined wells and single horizontal zoned type of inclined wells, and multi-level inclined wells. Partitioned and inclined well multi-level zoned. The joint development method mainly uses two or more types of wells to jointly develop a well field. For the mining of underground deposits, it can be divided into two stages, which are carried out first and then below. According to the different strikes of the deposits, the deposits can be divided into different ore blocks for mining.
There are three types of underground mining methods. One is when the ore in the mining area is relatively hard, the surrounding rock is relatively stable and resistant to vibration. When the mine is safe and open, it can be safely mined under the condition of pillar support. The second type is the artificial support mining method. In this way, the working face of the mining will be continuously expanded and the goaf will be expanded. The last one is the caving mining method, which uses the collapsed surrounding rock in the mining area to fill the goaf, which can achieve the purpose of controlling the ground pressure.
2.1 Improve safety and safety In the underground mining process of metal mines, once an accident occurs, it will directly lead to the interruption of mining work and damage to the mining area. If it is re-exploited, it will take a long time to repair the damage stage. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of underground mining of metal mines, all aspects of safety protection measures must be taken. Firstly, an underground protective warning device should be installed to check the underground air and humidity at any time. If there is gas accumulation, the protection warning device will issue an alarm and then conduct air guiding operation, thus eliminating the potential danger caused by gas accumulation. . Second, you need to check the underground support protection system. Collapse is a common dangerous accident in underground mining, and the collapse of the mine will also cause serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the safety protection devices of the mines and solve the problems in time to make the working environment of the underground well. Finally, the use of high-tech transmission equipment for underground mining of metal ore, the two most important aspects of mineral mining is mineral transportation and mineral mining. The main problem after mining is transportation. Traditional mineral mining usually adopts manual packing and handling, which results in low transportation efficiency. Therefore, transportation of metal minerals should be carried out by transporting tracks, which not only can improve the mining process, but also Improve the efficiency of rice.
2.2 Using advanced mining equipment The mining equipment in the traditional metal mining is relatively backward, which will inevitably lead to low mining efficiency. Therefore, in order to ensure the mining efficiency of metal mines, it is necessary to introduce advanced mining equipment. A remote mining control device based on a computer-controlled platform can be used, which can significantly improve the efficiency of metal mining underground mining. In addition, you can use the full tester to achieve high-precision measurement. The whole tester is an electronic speed tester that integrates optoelectronics. It has excellent surveying and mapping functions and first-class mapping technology. Once installed, all measurement work can be completed. This kind of measuring instrument is widely used, breaking the engineering procedures of the first control and the broken part, and is not affected by the weather and the sighting, which greatly shortens the measuring time. It is an indispensable high-tech measuring instrument in precision engineering measurement. The use of GPS global positioning system in the measurement can make the mining position more precise and improve the purpose of mining. The remote detection device can accurately locate the mining area and then use the controlled mining equipment for underground mining, thus making the underground mining area The efficiency of mining is greatly enhanced.
2.3 Choosing the right mining technology With the continuous development of mining technology, China's mining technology has developed from a small number of shallow-air mining to various types of mining technology. There are three common underground mining technologies : natural mining technology, artificially supported mining technology, and caving mining technology. Natural mining technology, also known as open field mining, mainly uses the stability of surrounding rock to maintain the mining process, and the goaf uses brackets as temporary support. This mining technology requires surrounding rock and ore. Have a certain stability. The natural support mining method has a simple structure and a simple mining process, so the mining cost is often relatively low, and it is suitable for mining in a relatively stable mining area where both surrounding rock and ore are relatively stable. However, this mining technology also has certain limitations, and the recovery rate is relatively low in the mining of ore bodies above the medium and thick layers. Manual support mining uses filling materials to maintain the goaf. With the advancement of mining work, relevant filling materials such as slag and gravel can be sent into the goaf, and ground pressure management is implemented to control the movement of the surface. The main purpose of this mining technology is to use the formed filling body for ground pressure management. Control the sinking of the surface to create a better environment for future mining. The caving mining technology is suitable for surface subsidence or an ore body where the surrounding rock is prone to collapse. Therefore, the underground mining of metal mines needs to select the appropriate mining method according to the specific conditions of the mine, in order to improve the efficiency of mining.
3 Conclusion
In short, to improve the mining efficiency of metal mines, it is necessary to improve the level of mining technology, implement green mining, and strengthen the control of mining safety devices. With modern mining equipment, high-efficiency mining can only be achieved with quality assurance.
Article source: "Non-ferrous Metal Digest"; 2015.4
Author: New Tang Chao, Jilin Province, Guangdong International Trust and Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130000
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