Iron ore Tantalum - niobium ore beneficiation methods and processes
Tantalite - columbite plurality of tantalum, niobium, tin, tungsten, lithium, beryllium and other metal ores. It has the characteristics of low ore grade, complex mineral composition, large mineral density, brittleness and brittleness. The ore dressing method mainly adopts methods such as re-election, magnetic separation, electric selection, floating re-election, flotation and chemical treatment. The beneficiation process is generally divided into two parts: rough selection and selection.
First, strontium iron ore - strontium iron ore rough selection
The rough selection of coltan-niobite is mainly carried out by re-election process, but also by re-election-flotation-re-election; re-election-flotation or re-election-magnetic separation-re-election.
(1) Re-election process
Tantalum and niobium primary ore grinding stage multi-use, multi-stage re-election. Separation equipment is usually added to the grinding circuit to recover monomer minerals early. Due to the better dissociation of mineral monomers, the bismuth ore is generally not required to be crushed and ground. Before screening, the stones and pebbles are removed and coarsely selected. The coarse-grained coltan-antimonite ore is coarsely selected by a jig or a spiral concentrator (including a rotating spiral chute), and the coarsely selected concentrate is selected by a shaker; the fine-grained coltan-column is a spiral chute or shake The bed is coarsely selected, and the coarsely selected concentrate is selected by a shaker; the strontium ore is coarsely selected by a centrifugal concentrator or a multi-layer turning bed, and the rough-selected concentrate is selected by a belt chute or a trough belt chute combined with a mud shaker. The process is characterized by low investment, fast launch, low cost and low environmental pollution. However, the efficiency of the slime selection is low.
Re-election-flotation-re-election or re-election-flotation process The coarse and fine-grained materials are re-elected and the slime is floated. Before the flotation, the small-diameter cyclone or the centrifugal concentrator is generally used for deliming, and then the alkylsulfonated succinate is used as a collector , sodium silicate and oxalic acid as adjusting agents, and flotation is carried out under the condition of pH 2-3. , flotation concentrate with Holman slime shaker - cross-flow belt chute selection; or use styrene phosphonic acid as collector, sodium fluorosilicate, lead nitrate as a regulator, flotation at pH 6 The flotation concentrate is selected by a vibrating belt chute or a cross-flow belt chute. Hydroxamic acid and transformer oil (2:1) can also be used as a collector. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are used as regulators at pH 8- The conditions of 8.5 were carried out by flotation, flotation of concentrate and hydroxamic acid and transformer oil, using oxalic acid as an inhibitor, and selection was carried out under the conditions of pH 2.5-3. According to the above method, the coltan or coltan concentrate can be obtained. The characteristic of this process is that the selection index is high, but the content of strontium in the fine mud removed is close to the original ore grade, the consumption of the medicament is large, and the production cost is high.
(2) Re-election - magnetic separation - re-election process
The coarse-grained material is re-selected. Fine-grain grade and slime are combined by magnetic separation-re-election. The process is characterized by high efficiency in the selection of fine-grained coltan and coltan, but the strontium minerals in the ore must have weak magnetic properties.
Second, strontium iron ore - coltan fine concentrate selection
The strontium-iron-iron ore fine concentrate is generally complex in composition and difficult to sort. It is often necessary to use one or two or more combinations of methods such as magnetic separation, re-election, flotation re-election, flotation, electro-election, and chemical treatment. . In particular, the separation of coltan, coltan and certain refractory minerals requires a combination of various methods. For example, coltan-niobite is separated from garnet and tourmaline , and magnetic separation, electric selection or flotation is usually used.
(1) Magnetic separation
Their specific susceptibility is: × 矿 为 2.4 2.4×10 -5 cm 3 /g, coltan is 2.5 × 10 -5 cm 3 / gram, brown 钇铌 mine is 5.8 × 10 -5 cm 3 / gram, pomegranate Stone and tourmaline change with the iron content. When the content of Fe 2 O 3 increases from 7% to 25%, the specific magnetic susceptibility increases from 11×10 -6 cm 3 /g to 124×10 - 6 cm 3 /g (11 times increase), when the content of Fe 2 O 3 increases from 0.3% to 13.8%, the specific magnetization coefficient increases from 1.1×10 -6 cm 3 /g to 30×10 -6 Cm 3 / g (30 times increase). In order to improve the selectivity of mineral separation in a magnetic field, acid (solid: liquid = 1:5) is generally used for short time (5-15 minutes) to remove iron from the mineral surface and then separate in different magnetic fields. From garnet and tourmaline, bismuth concentrate can be obtained.
(2) Separation of electric separation
The material is selected for narrow-level screening and classification, and then separately heated to perform electric selection in the composite electric field: greater than 0.2 mm, the grain size is generally low voltage (20-35 kV), large pole pitch (80-100 mm), Slow speed (low centrifugal force) (roller or drum rotation is 33-38 rpm). -0.2～+0.08mm grain size generally uses high voltage (35-45 kV), small pole pitch (50-80 mm), fast rotation speed (high centrifugal force) (roller rotation speed is 70-118 rpm) . The coltan-niobite can be separated from the garnet.
(3) Flotation separation
The use of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate as a collector and a fluorine compound as a regulator can separate the coltan from the garnet.
Separation of coltan from monazite
The coarse fraction is usually electrified; the fine fraction (-0.075 mm) is treated with oleic acid or rice bran oil as a collector, sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) is used as a regulator, sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) is vulcanized. sodium (Na 2 S) as inhibitors of (Na 2 SiO 3 :Na 2 S = 3:1), monazite floating at pH9, and make the iron tantalum (niobium iron ore) is separated from the monazite.
(4) Separation of fine spar and cassiterite
The coarse fraction is usually electrostatically selected (voltage 16 kV); the fine fraction is treated with 2% hydrochloric acid for 15 minutes, then sodium alkyl sulfate (600 g/ton) is used as a collector, and sodium fluorosilicate (Na) is used. 2 SiF 6 ) acts as an inhibitor, and the cassiterite floats under the condition of pH 2-2.3, which can separate the fine spar from the cassiterite.
(5) Separation of strontium iron ore and magnetic cassiterite
The coarse-grained grade is generally separated by a wind shaker; the fine-grain grade, the Guangzhou Institute of Nonferrous Metals Research, China, has developed a new magnetic separation process for oxidizing roasting (800-900 °C), which can well separate the coltan and rutile. Xi Shi.
(6) Separation of strontium iron ore and black tungsten ore
Water smelting is usually used. First, the material is ground to -0.04 mm, calcined with sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) (800 ° C), or boiled with concentrated alkali at normal pressure. After filtration, the residue is decomposed with HCl (5%) to obtain artificial mash. Concentrate. The filtrate is a sodium tungstate solution, and after oxidation (pH 2-2.5), extraction, neutralization, crystallization, and the like, a tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) product can be obtained.
(VII) Separation of strontium iron ore and zircon
Magnetic separation or flotation can be used. Flotation can use sodium oleate as a collector, lead chloride, water glass or lead chloride, oxalic acid as a regulator, can separate coltan and zircon.
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