What is an all-optical network? How to build a park all-optical network project?

All-optical networks have always been the focus of attention in the weak current industry. Many weak current project managers have been exposed to related projects. So what is an all-optical network? How to build an all-optical network project? In this issue, let's take a closer look at this aspect.

1. What is an all-optical network?

The so-called all-optical network refers to the fact that the network transmission and exchange processes are all realized through optical fibers. The signals are only converted into electro-optical and photoelectric when they enter and exit the network, and the process signals transmitted and exchanged in the network always exist in the form of light, so they can Greatly improve network speed.

When it comes to this, we have to talk about the POL all-optical network.

POL (Passive Optical LAN), passive optical LAN, a new type of LAN networking based on PON technology, optimizes the basic wiring and network structure of the LAN, and the network structure is more flat and simple. It inherits the advantages of PON network such as large bandwidth, high reliability, flatness, easy deployment, and easy management.

The POL network uniformly carries broadband, voice, video, WiFi, CATV, and office services.

The POL scheme is widely used in scenarios such as hotels, campuses, enterprise parks, enterprise office buildings, power, and transportation.

In the face of a large number of business communications, traditional cable transmission is bound to be limited and higher bandwidth is required. POL's all-optical LAN based on PON network can solve:

Longer coverage distance; more business types; higher user bandwidth; more streamlined network structure.

Straightforwardly speaking, the signal transmission and exchange process of the network always exists in the form of optical fiber, and the network speed is greatly improved. Therefore, the network structure is simplified, multiple services are carried on one network, and the network is "weighted down".

2. How to build an all-optical network park

So how to build an all-optical network? Here we take the campus all-optical network solution as an example:

Unified network: All business forms realize network convergence, and all services can support access and can support interactive intelligent services.

Unified network management: management and maintenance of PON, switches, etc., WLAN, video equipment management, fiber link detection, and fault location.

Adjustable bandwidth and smooth upgrade: Instant speed-up, timing speed-up, flexible method, customer bandwidth can be arbitrarily upgraded from 0~1G+, bandwidth 1G~10G does not affect the ODN network.

1. Wired + WiFi + weak current, one network bearer

How to realize the all-optical network in the campus? Let's look at the overall topology.

the whole frame

Each part is transmitted through optical fiber.

2. The foundation of all-optical network construction: ODN network introduction

ODN: Optical Distribution Network, an optical cable network based on PON equipment, providing optical transmission channels between OLT and ONU, so how to transmit?

The transmission process of the all-optical network infrastructure is divided into four parts, the park computer room, feeder section, wiring section, and household entry section. Let's take a look at those connections.

Park computer room: there are ODF, jumper, and splitter.

Feeder section: optical cable connector box, optical cable transfer box, splitter, feeder optical cable

Distribution section: fiber optic cable transfer box, fiber distribution box, optical splitter, and distribution cable

Home entrance section: fiber distribution box, optical cable socket, leather cable

ODN Pipeline Overall Planning: Horizontal Planning

The splitter placement method is more flexible, and can be placed in ODF, SSC, FDT, FAT and other locations, based on the principle of easy placement near the user.

ODN Pipeline Overall Planning: Vertical Planning

The OLT is placed in the computer room of the park. In the case of first-level splitting, the splitter is placed in the optical cross box or fiber distribution box in the basement or corridor of the building. Vertically wired indoor optical cables can be used in the weak current well. 1*32 or 1:64 splitting, the size of the splitter is determined by the number of users covered.

So which products are involved in ODN, you can see the following figure:

Huawei has always been a leader in this regard, with a comprehensive all-optical network construction product.

Two of the important devices, olt and onu, in our weak current vip group, many friends usually ask related parameters, let's take a look at it.

3. The key point: the placement of the optical splitter

Friends who have done all-optical networks know that the key to the construction of all-optical networks is the placement of optical splitters. This is especially important in the project, because the entire transmission process is optical fiber, and optical splitting is inevitable. At present, according to the situation of the project, there are three Spectral methods:

1. Large concentration splitting

The optical splitter is installed at a large distribution optical node, such as a campus computer room or a campus optical crossover (FDT). Generally, multiple optical splitters are centrally placed in the ODF or large-capacity FDT, covering more than 200 users.

Spectral characteristics of large concentration:

(1), suitable for low-rise residential FTTH and office building multi-tenant scenarios, requiring more pipeline resources;

(2) Adopt first-level splitting, 1:32 or 1:64 splitter;

(3) The beam splitter is installed on the large-capacity ODF/FDT, and the number of beam splitters is configured according to the number of users;

(4) FAT is set in the corridor to cover 1 or more floors; FAT can be directly melted or connected modules;

(5) The construction cost is the highest, but the operation and maintenance are the most convenient.

2. Small concentration split

The splitter is set at a large distribution optical node, such as a building wiring room or corridor outer wall. Generally, 2 to 5 splitters are used to be placed centrally in a large-capacity FAT or small FDT, covering 100 to 200 users.

Spectral characteristics of small concentration:

(1) Applicable to scenarios such as residential FTTH, office building tenants, shopping malls, etc. The general pipeline resource requirements;

(2) Adopt first-level splitting, 1:32 or 1:64 splitter, covering one or more layers;

(3) The splitter is placed in a large-capacity FAT or small FDT, and the number is configured according to the number of users. The maximum configuration is generally not more than 4;

(4) The construction cost is medium, and the operation and maintenance are more convenient.

3. Distributed splitting

The splitter is installed at the small distribution optical node, such as the weak current room of the high-rise building and the corridor of the low-rise building. Generally, the units or floors of the small-capacity FAT building with 1 to 2 splitters are placed separately to cover the user Below 36 households.

Features of distributed splitting:

(1). It is suitable for user-intensive scenarios such as super high-rise buildings and multi-tenants in office buildings, with minimum requirements on pipeline resources;

(2) The splitter adopts 1:8+1:8 or 1:16+1:4, and the combination ratio does not exceed 1:64; the first-level splitter is mounted on the shelf in the ODF or FDT, and the second-level splitter is used for hanging Wall type FAT installation, the number is generally not more than 4;

(3) FAT is set in the corridor to cover one or more floors; FAT can be directly melted or connected modules;

(4) The construction cost is the lowest, but the operation and maintenance are relatively inconvenient.

4. Comparison of three light splitting methods

Each of the three beam splitting modes has its own characteristics, which is mainly selected according to the user scale and density.

In addition to the park project, the all-optical network is also widely used in commercial complexes:

The weak current system is uniformly carried, simplifying management and operation and maintenance.

4. Comparison between all-optical network and traditional network

1. Network structure

POL All Optical Network

Bandwidth guarantee: single PON port 2.5G bandwidth; during peak hours, the effective utilization of outlet bandwidth is >92%

Clear hierarchy: coverage area & number of users does not affect secondary structure

Simple maintenance: OND network is maintenance-free; OLT directly manages ONU

Smooth upgrade: bandwidth expansion on demand; 1G→10G, no need to change all-optical network

Traditional network stack

Bandwidth waste: single port 1G bandwidth; during peak hours, the effective utilization rate of the outlet bandwidth is <60%.

Hierarchy of chaos: Hierarchy increases with the expansion of scale, complicated and chaotic, complicated maintenance, upper equipment can not manage lower equipment, manual management is difficult.

Difficulty in upgrading: adding staff, decreasing bandwidth; upgrading bandwidth network needs to be relocated.

2. Wiring advantages

optical fiber

(1) 30 years of optical fiber life, glass core/plastic core, corrosion resistance.

(2) Ultra-long transmission distance can solve many wiring difficulties.

Copper wire

(1), copper wire wiring takes up a lot of pipeline resources

(2) Generally, it is easy to age in about 10 years and needs to be redeployed.

(3) The transmission distance is limited to 100 meters.