Topsoil excavation work for shaft construction

The thickness of the topsoil of the shaft ranges from a few meters to tens of meters, even up to several hundred meters. Because the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the topsoil are complex, the stability is poor, and the load of the wellhead structure is directly affected, the topsoil construction is difficult, which often becomes a key in the wellbore construction, and even affects the success or failure of the entire wellbore project.
A Construction Method The choice of method depends first on the nature of the topsoil. According to its nature, it can be divided into:
( 1 ) Stabilize the topsoil. Including clay soil, water-free porous soil layer, small water-bearing pebbles and gravel layers;
( 2 ) Unstable topsoil. It includes eggs with more water, gravel layer and sand layer, silt layer, clay soil with saturated water, porous soil with water immersion and expansive soil.
The latter should be constructed by special methods. The stable topsoil is constructed by the common construction method and its construction method.

B Well neck lock Before the construction of topsoil, it is necessary to build a lock. The function of the lock is to fix the position of the wellbore, suspend temporary joints or steel bars, close the wellhead, install the manhole cover, and prevent surface water from flowing into the wellbore.
The lock is divided into two parts: the lock ring and the lock frame. The lock is left at the upper wall of the well neck, and the depth is below the local freezing line, generally 2~4m . It functions as a maintenance well and a fixed well. There are two types of lock rings: permanent and temporary.
The lock frame is used for hanging temporary wells and closing the wellbore. At present, the steel structure lock frame composed of steel beams and well rings is used.
C lifting method
D Construction procedure ( 1 ) Measure the center of the wellbore and bury the â€œcross-pillar pileâ€;
( 2 ) Digging 2~4m , arranging the lock ring, frame the lock frame, and installing the manhole cover;
( 3 ) Digging the neck and the topsoil, leaving the passage opening according to the drawings, and the thick tops are excavated in sections until 3~4m in the bedrock ;
( 4 ) After excavating 30~40m , the hanging plate can be installed, auxiliary equipment such as lifting and suspension can be installed, and then transferred to the wellbore to construct the building.

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