The Ministry of Agriculture vigorously promotes the mechanization of agriculture in the whole process

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Zhang Taolin demanded that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, all localities should follow the "Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on the implementation of the mechanization of the main crop production process", combined with local realities, identify the job orientation, focus on the weak links Clear the main direction of the attack, determine the development goals, further carry out the whole process of mechanization promotion, and go all out to implement it.

In the past year, the Ministry of Agriculture’s main crop production and mechanization promotion expert expert group has established 62 agricultural machinery and agronomic experts in 9 major groups including rice, corn, wheat, potato, cotton, rape, peanut, soybean and sugar cane. At the grassroots level and the production line, a series of special investigations and technical guidance were carried out, efforts were made to find out the status quo of development, identify bottlenecks, and put forward directional ideas. In 2017, each professional group has formulated a more detailed work plan, and combined with the Ministry of Agriculture's main mechanization demonstration projects for major crop production and their respective professional characteristics, continue to carry out extensive research, roving guidance, scientific argumentation, and strive to provide effective technology for deepening the whole process of mechanization. support.

The Ministry of Agriculture vigorously promotes the mechanization of agriculture in the whole process

The rice professional group combined with the main mechanization demonstration project of the main crop production, and formulated the demonstration plan for the package of the demonstration area. Each expert combined with the task division to conduct research and guidance in a targeted manner. First, it took the lead in organizing the implementation of the “three reductions of agricultural machinery” in Hunan Province, and guided the innovation of innovative products such as rice machine transplanting synchronous deep-field fertilizing machine, crop straw fertilizer machine, seedling transplanting machine and seedling order throwing machine. Improvement and improvement, in which rice machine transplanting synchronous side deep fertilizing machine and crop straw fertilizer machine have been widely applied in Hunan. The second is to go deep into the project counties in Jiangxi Province to guide the application of mechanized chemical technology in the whole process of rice, to carry out the experimental demonstration of the mechanized transplanting operation of rice late-season large-sized carpet-like seedlings and the demonstration experiment of the large-sized carpet-like seedlings in the Yellow Sea Farm of Jiangsu Province. The third is to promote the rice breeding machine insertion technology in Heilongjiang and the deep fertilization technology of rice high-speed machine transplanting, and formulate the “Development Plan for Demonstration of Deep Fertilization Technology in Rice Machine Insertion” to promote the demonstration area of ​​25 counties in Heilongjiang Province to reach 36,000 mu. . The fourth is to guide Chongqing to carry out mechanized chemical transplanting and mechanized live broadcast, artificial broadcast of comparative experiments, unmanned plant protection aircraft on rice pests and diseases, concentrated into flying test and technical training, and strive to break through the bottleneck of hybrid rice planting mechanization in Chongqing hilly region, explore New technology paths and patterns. Since the beginning of this year, the rice professional group held an expert consultation seminar on planting mechanization development in the double-season rice area in Wangcheng District, Changsha, Hunan Province, and formulated and released the mechanized technical guidance for the whole process of early rice and late rice production in the double-season rice area. According to the characteristics of different rice areas, the special investigation on the status of mechanization development of rice production in the main rice producing areas was carried out, and the current status of mechanization development of rice production in various rice areas was basically mastered. There were problems and constraints, and the mechanization development of rice production in China was completed. Planning laid the foundation.

The corn professional group seized key links such as land preparation and planting, conducted research and guidance according to the province where the experts were located and the task areas in charge, and carried out comparative tests and training guidance for different types of planting equipment and different planting modes. In the first half of June, all the experts in the corn professional group went to Hebei Yucheng and Zhaoxian to conduct centralized research to guide the local “three summers” agricultural mechanization production operations. The professional group observed the mechanized operation site of deep pine preparation, corn sowing and wheat straw treatment, visited relevant planting cooperatives, demonstration bases and corn harvesting machine manufacturing enterprises, and led experts from local agricultural machinery, agronomy and technology promotion, demonstration bases and other departments. Conduct a discussion and exchange. The technical equipments such as deep pine and no-tillage double-working equipment, sprinkler irrigation and water-saving technology, and corn concentrated threshing and color selection were carefully summarized, and it was proposed to expand and promote in other suitable areas. Subsidy support. At the same time, the professional group has carried out technical guidance for the new precision no-tillage sowing, straw-blown direct-fired hot blast stove for grain drying, agricultural machinery and agronomic integration, and achieved good results. In the past six months, the corn professional group has surrounded the bottleneck of the mechanization development and the difficulties that need to be broken. It has initially formed the mechanized promotion idea of ​​the “13th Five-Year Plan” corn production, and proposed to strengthen the experimental demonstration and gradually unify the leading mode of 60 cm and other row spacing corn planting. To speed up the application of technical equipment such as no-tillage sowing, drying, whole plant silage and grain harvesting.

In the middle of March, the wheat professional group went to four different ecological regions in Guannan, Dongtai, Jingjiang and Danyang, Jiangsu Province to carry out a special survey on mechanized production of wheat. Experts went deep into the field to check the growth of the seedlings, and met face-to-face with wheat producers and agricultural production managers. It was found that some areas had late wheat planting, few weak roots, and severe wheat damage during the greening period, which was not conducive to the mechanization of the whole process. The question and suggestions for promoting the mechanization of wheat production in a timely manner to improve the soil environment of rice paddy fields and improve the quality of sowing. In the wheat harvest season, in response to the continuous rainy weather, wheat lodging and harvesting problems in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and other provinces, the professional team cooperated with the Ministry of Agriculture's Agricultural Mechanization Department to timely issue guidance to harvest the lodging wheat, guide the harvesting and degrading work, and played a prominent role in disaster prevention and mitigation. effect. At the beginning of July, the wheat professional group and the National Wheat Industry Technology System Mechanization Research Office, the Ministry of Agriculture Conservation Tillage Research Center and Hebei Agricultural Haha Machinery Group Co., Ltd. jointly held a seminar on wheat mechanization technology demand in Shenze County, Hebei Province. The experts discussed and discussed the problems existing in the mechanization of wheat cultivation, planting, tube and harvesting, and proposed the deep burying of straw, the combined treatment of straw smashing and harvesting, changing the mode of grain transportation, and developing suitable rice blasting machine. Methods such as soil improvement to solve the effects of wheat straw sowing on the effect of wheat straw before crops. The seminar provided a platform for agronomic experts and agricultural machinery experts to exchange ideas, which played a good role in accelerating the development of agricultural machinery and agronomy and improving the mechanization level of wheat.

The potato professional group focused on the supervision and guidance of Hezhang County and Weining County, which are responsible for the mechanized production demonstration of the main crops (potato) of the Ministry of Agriculture. In-depth field visits, discussions with local potato planters, agricultural machinery cooperatives and agricultural machinery promotion departments, to understand the local potato production and mechanization level, and combined with the characteristics of the southwest region, explain the application of potato varieties, planting, management, and mechanical operations. Attention to problems and solutions. In view of the fact that the local agricultural machinery and agronomy are not matched, the selection of machinery is unreasonable, and the understanding of the whole mechanized technical content and project requirements is not thorough enough. The professional group put forward suggestions and measures to form the “Investigation Report on the Status of Potato Mechanization Production in Guizhou Province”. . The professional team members took the work of the province as the starting point and carried out technical training in various directions. They conducted technical lectures twice in Santai County and Rongxian County in the southwest region, invited agronomists to explain cultivation techniques and pest control; and held mechanized production of potato in northeastern Sichuan in Guangyuan City. On-site training meeting, on-site demonstration of machine broadcasting, machine harvesting and machine killing technology, local planting large households, agricultural machinery cooperatives, grassroots agricultural machinery agricultural technicians totaled more than 100 people to participate in training.

The cotton professional group actively carried out trial demonstration and promotion of cotton mechanized production technology, organized training and on-site demonstration activities, publicized the advantages of machine cotton picking, vigorously promoted machine cotton picking technology, and closely cooperated with local agronomic experts to cultivate mechanized technical talents for cotton production. . In addition, the cotton professional group focused on the two major cotton producing areas in Binzhou City and Dongying City in Shandong Province, and inspected the machine-made cotton processing production line and cotton machinery sowing operation site in Wudi County and Lijin County, and targeted the local cadres and masses. The cotton planting mode and the promotion and application of machine cotton mining technology were discussed. Through investigation and investigation, the experts clearly pointed out the problems existing in the development of cotton mechanization in Shandong Province and put forward guidance. First, improve the quality of land preparation and sowing, and ensure the emergence rate. The large plots in the tidal flats of the Yellow River Basin should be laser-grounded and satellite-guided to ensure straight and accurate transmission, ensure the operation of the cotton picker, and improve the cotton picking. Harvest rate. The second is to increase the planting density, reduce the height of cotton through close planting and water and fertilizer regulation, and chemical control measures, and improve the maturity consistency and machine adaptability of cotton. The third is to concentrate on the construction of demonstration bases, carry out comparative tests of different varieties and different densities according to the requirements of machine picking, explore planting density and management measures suitable for machine mining mode, and cultivate cotton plant types suitable for machine mining. Can be copied, can be promoted planting mode, demonstration and promotion of sophisticated machinery and equipment such as precision seeding, chemical control, and promote the rapid development of machine picking in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin. The fourth is to build a machine-made cotton processing production line according to local conditions. With the principle of “U-Mian” as the guideline, the “machine-quality is basically the same as that of artificial cotton-collecting, and it can compete with artificial cotton-collecting”, and the quality of machine-made cotton is continuously improved.

The rapeseed professional group implements the basic ideas of “live broadcasting, supplemented by transplanting; combined harvesting, supplemented by sub-harvesting; integration of main and auxiliary, three technologies”, and extensive technical demonstration. Cooperating with the Southern Grain and Oil Crops Collaborative Innovation Center to hold a live demonstration of rice and rapeseed mechanized innovation tools and key technical research seminars in Changsha County, Hunan Province, assisting the Hunan Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau to hold a live demonstration of Hunan rapeseed mechanization, and organize the rapeseed combined harvest and rapeseed origin. Green processing, straw picking and bundling, mechanized fertilizer, paddy field tillage, rice mechanical transplanting, rice machinery live broadcast, flight plant protection and other techniques and demonstrations of machine tools; in Sichuan, Jiangsu and other places organized mechanical transplanting demonstration field harvesting production Acceptance, the results show that the effect of mechanical transplanting is obvious. Establish and improve the technical model, management and policy support methods, organize the Ph.D. group of Hunan Agricultural University Engineering College, and select the six provinces and provincial rapeseed production mechanization demonstration projects in Hunan Province for investigation and research. Carry out key technical research and development, drafted the "Technical Specifications for Combine Harvesting Operations of Rape Machinery" and "Technical Regulations for Segmented Harvesting of Rape Machinery". In the field of mechanical direct broadcast, aiming at the high-passage problem of anti-blocking and anti-enclosure under the condition of sticky soil of rice blast, and the problem of planting control and suitable seed bed creation, research and development of mechanized trenching technology and equipment to ensure smooth drainage, research and development of combined precision live broadcast machine To improve the quality and efficiency of live broadcast; on the basis of the research on mechanical transplanting, on the basis of the research on the mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings, the problem of soil adaptability to the soil transplanting of rice no-till and the improvement of planting quality and efficiency; Reduce the loss of header and threshing cleaning, further improve the adaptability of the combine harvester to crops, and develop a medium-sized high-gap central-concentration wind-cutting machine to meet the needs of segmental harvesting in the northern spring rapeseed area and the southern part of the winter rapeseed area. Achieve low loss harvest.

Based on the distribution of peanuts in China and the overall goal of the development of agricultural machinery in the “13th Five-Year Plan”, the Peanut Professional Group put forward the idea of ​​mechanization development of peanut production, formulated a detailed work plan, and conducted a task division for the members of the expert group. In the first half of the year, in response to the mechanized production demand of peanuts and the actual development of the industry, the professional team members went to Henan Zhumadian, Hebei Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Xinjiang Shihezi, Shandong Yantai, Linyi, Dezhou, Guizhou Guiyang and other places to conduct research and training guidance. Through interviews with peanut mechanized demonstration counties, agricultural machinery cooperatives and agricultural machinery enterprises, and interactive technical exchanges with technicians and farmers, to understand the local peanut mechanization production status and equipment needs, and the feasibility of planting model changes, tracking and analyzing the main peanut producing areas The whole process of mechanization development trend, and carry out technical training and consultation guidance on the issues of full straw mulching and no-tillage sowing, agricultural machinery and agronomy integration in the process of mechanization of peanut production. At present, the whole planting of straw-covered peanut no-tillage area planter in dry land has been mass-produced in related enterprises, and has been widely promoted and applied in Henan Zhumadian, Anhui Mengcheng, Liaoning Jinzhou and other places; the performance of peanut picking combine harvester has been further improved. Optimized and upgraded, the equipment was put into production faster; the standardized cultivation mode of peanut based on the whole process of mechanization was initially constructed and demonstrated, which provided the basis for the selection and promotion of supporting equipment.

Soybean professional group members visited 10 related production enterprises such as Shan Dongfeng, Lovol Heavy Industry, Zoomlion and Xingguang Agricultural Machinery for the whole mechanized weak link of Soybean, sowing all the straw in the whole mechanization process of soybean, Huanghuaihai and the south. Research and research on key technologies for weak links such as low-loss mechanized harvesting in soybean areas. In April, the Soybean Professional Group and Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Committee and Provincial Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station held a full-scale mechanization on-site meeting of soybean production in Bei'an City, Heilongjiang Province to guide the sowing planting of soybeans in the main soybean producing areas. Based on the actual production of soybeans in Heilongjiang, the soybeans were highlighted. The whole process of mechanization of large ridge cultivation and mechanized planting technology of sowing soybeans in corn glutinous rice ridges, showing the equipment of soybean production in 24 agricultural machinery manufacturers; organizing domestic experts engaged in soybean breeding, cultivation, sowing and harvesting, more than 400 experts A large soybean planter in Heilongjiang analyzed the Heilongjiang soybean policy and trained on the planting patterns and technologies related to soybean agronomy. In May, he assisted in the training of soybean corn rotation balanced production in Heilongjiang Province, guiding the development of corn and soybean rotation mechanization in the northeast region, demonstrating the promotion of corn and soybean rotation balanced fertilization technology, pest control technology, straw returning technology and corn Soybean sowing technology, promote the application of soybean corn rotation model and agricultural structure adjustment.

The sugarcane professional group used the 2016-2017 sugarcane season to promote the mechanization of sugarcane harvesting, and went to Nanning, Chongzuo, Beihai, Liuzhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Bohai, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, and other places to conduct research and analysis, analyze and judge sugarcane production. The whole process of mechanization development, sorting out problems and improvement opinions, and focusing on the development of sugar enterprises to participate in the promotion of mechanization of sugarcane production and the construction of “double high” sugar cane base, including China's large-scale sugar enterprise – Nanhua Sugar Group Holdings The establishment of specialized agricultural production service companies, large foreign sugar enterprises - East Asia Sugar Group modern production technology demonstration and "double high" sugar cane base construction support policy, Fengtang Group, Liugong Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. jointly established "double High "sugar cane production demonstration base." The members of the professional group guide the local to carry out moderate scale operation, effectively integrate the scattered cultivated land, labor, machinery and equipment, explore the “Oda and Datian” model of farmer cooperation, and realize the joint farming and adaptation of agricultural mechanization and large-scale development; Introduce new varieties and promote new technologies as an opportunity to continuously promote the improvement and improvement of professional machinery, promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and get out of the new path of sugarcane industry development. At the same time, using sugarcane machinery seminars and technical training courses, many times around the sugar cane harvester performance analysis and overall solutions, agricultural machinery agro-integration, sugarcane harvest mechanization status and development strategies, etc. to explain and publicize training.