I. Fostering the basic land resources of cultivated land
1. Deepen the tillage layer to improve soil fertility and fertilizer retention. For more than 20 years, with the shallow range of cultivators replacing large-scale tractors and cattle, the plough layer has generally become shallow. The field excavation profile in Xiangyin County shows that the plough layer was reduced from 25 cm to 12 cm in the 2nd soil survey. According to the result of the investigation of cultivated land fertility in the Lancang River, the plough layer increased by 26.9% from 10 cm to 15 cm, and decreased by 14.81% from 15 cm to 20 cm. Therefore, measures such as deep plowing, custom soil and organic manure should be adopted to increase the plough layer to more than 18 cm, and to increase soil capacity for fertilizer, storage and fertility conservation.
2. Improve soil texture
The soil in the paddy soils in Hunan Province is over 134,000 hectares and 99,500 hectares of soil, respectively. It is necessary to improve the quality of the soil by means of mixing sand and soil. In general, viscous fields contain 30,000 kilograms of sand per 667 square meters, and sand fields contain 33,000 kilograms of guest mud per 667 square meters, so that the soil reaches the ratio of “three sand and seven mudsâ€.
3. Eliminate pollution from minerals, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers. While controlling the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, take measures such as cutting off the source and rinsing of mineral water, replacing soil with soil and soil, and deep-seeding soils. At the same time, support agricultural and biological restoration measures to eliminate or eliminate Reduce toxic hazards.
4. Increase the use of organic fertilizers by restoring the fine traditions of growing green manure in winter, accumulating farmyard manure, and increasing organic fertilizer sources in farmland. Implementation of ecologically optimized planting patterns such as rice-Ping-fish (mushroom, duck). Straw has become the main fertilizer for maintaining and improving soil organic matter in farmland. According to 11-year monitoring results in Hunan Province, the return of more than 50% of straw to all types can increase the stability of soil organic matter, improve soil permeability, and increase soil moisture retention (soil moisture can be recorded by soil moisture temperature. Instrument or quick soil moisture meter to determine. Soil moisture has a great impact on the growth of the crop, is the basis of all physiological activities.) Ability to loosen the soil, thicken the plow layer, coordinate water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other Features. Therefore, ban burning of straw, do a good job returning straw and comprehensive utilization is an important measure for the construction of organic fertilizer in the new era.
5. Implementation of the paddy-rice crop rotation
The first year, second and second seasons of dry farming are implemented; in the second cropping area, dry cultivation is carried out for the first year and the first quarter of the year; the combination of paddy rice grain and grain, and the combination of multiple varieties will help deepen the tillage layer, loosen the soil, improve the ventilation and permeability, and increase the capacity of the fertilizer. Water capacity to fertilize fertility.
Second, establish and improve field irrigation and drainage facilities
Under different landform conditions, the establishment of facilities for irrigation and drainage should have different construction content. In the hilly areas, through the construction of flood-flooded ditches, river repairs and dredging, reinforcement of embankments, and blockage of leaks ensure that floods do not enter the fields. At the same time, it promotes water-saving agricultural technology and improves its ability to resist drought. In Pinghu District, high-standard construction and reinforcement of embankments will eliminate river flood hazards, ensure that embankments are not rammed, and eliminate severe waterlogging. At the same time, it enriches the water source, improves irrigation, eliminates string irrigation and flood irrigation, makes the farmland free from drought and drought, facilitates irrigation and drainage, and produces stable and high yields. Excavation gutters generally have a ditch length of 80 to 100 meters and a depth of 1 to 1.5 meters below the surface, so that groundwater can be reduced to the desired location. Drainage should ensure that the soil is in a state of ventilation and permeation, and it is necessary to implement separation and drainage. Severe drought in Hunan, the promotion of farmland water-saving technology has become urgent. Apply dry and wet irrigation, non-saturated irrigation, non-sufficient irrigation, partial irrigation and timely irrigation to the farmland, or convert low-pressure pipelines for water supply, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-irrigation, underground irrigation, and associated water lifting to dry crops. Facilities such as water storage have become an important part of the basic construction of farmland.
Third, the implementation of land formation
The current arable land area of ​​farmland in Hunan Province accounts for only about 10% of the total paddy field area. Even in the lake area, there are generally large and uneven areas. In the Lake District and Gang District, the slopes are mostly below 5 degrees, and the farmland should be formed as far as possible into standardized blocks with the same shape and area. In mountainous areas and hills, slopes are 5 degrees to 15 degrees, and they are built into relatively standard terraces. If the slope is greater than 15 degrees, make some adjustments as far as possible, such as straightening out the bends, making up for the deficiency, and changing the hills to hillocks.
Fourth, improve the matching field roads and forest network should be a reasonable distribution of field roads and related facilities, material transportation, machinery, field operations, field management and other conditions. At the same time, in order to improve farmland ecology and regulate the climate, field forest networks need to be established. Linnet is generally accompanied by large and medium tractors. Afforestation varieties should have both windproof, ornamental and economical functions. Remote farmland can choose suitable locations, set up shelter from rain and cool air. Through the establishment of reasonable, practical, coordinated and beautiful farmland forest network and green space construction, the use of high-quality specialty varieties, high-tech management tools and facilities to optimize the farmland ecological environment.