Non-metallic mineral processing is based on physical and chemical principles, by means of various mechanical devices for non-conventional natural minerals and minerals to separate, enrich, extraction, purification, modified, ultrafine, composite and other processing, to obtain useful for different purposes Material or mineral functional materials are characterized by the use of non-metallic minerals themselves for physical, chemical and microstructural characteristics, and are not limited to individual chemical elements.
Non-metallic minerals are one of the important mineral resources for human survival and development. Non-metallic mineral products are important basic materials for modern industry. They are also raw and auxiliary materials supporting modern high-tech industries and functional materials such as energy conservation, environmental protection and ecology. They play an increasingly important role in modern economic and social development.
The wide application of non-metallic mineral materials in modern high-tech and new materials, traditional industries, environmental protection and ecological construction industries and human daily life is premised on its high technical content. Therefore, efficient comprehensive utilization and deep processing are development. The only way to use non-metallic minerals is functionalization, which is the subject of non-metallic mineral materials development.
1Selected purification
Since most non-metallic minerals can only fully reflect and exert their physical and chemical properties after beneficiation and purification, both emerging high-tech and new materials industries, biomedicine, environmental protection industries and traditional industries will have non-metallic mineral materials. Purity puts higher demands on it. As the purity requirements of non-metallic mineral materials increase, the difficulty of selecting purification technology will also increase. In addition, the depletion of resources and the improvement of the comprehensive utilization of resources will also increase the difficulty of selecting and purifying technologies.
Microbubble flotation
In order to meet the requirements of high-purification of non-metallic mineral raw materials in related fields of application, fine-grain beneficiation and comprehensive force field (gravity, centrifugal force, magnetic force, electric power, chemical power) selection technology will become the future non-metallic mineral purification technology. Main development trends, especially graphite , diamond , quartz , feldspar , kaolin , mica , talc , diatomaceous earth , zircon sand, wollastonite , barite , rutile, bentonite , fluorite , sillimanite , red Non-metallic minerals and rocks such as pillar stones, kyanite , and magnesite .
2 super fine crush
The ultrafine powder has excellent physical and chemical properties such as large specific surface area, high surface activity, fast chemical reaction rate, low sintering temperature, high strength of sintered body, good filling and reinforcing performance, and high hiding rate. Therefore, many fields of application require fine particle size (micron or sub-micron) of non-metallic mineral raw materials; some fields require not only ultrafine particle size but also narrow particle size distribution.
Some high-grade paper coatings require the fineness of heavy calcium carbonate to be -2μm ≥ 90%, and the particle size distribution requires a maximum particle size ≤ 5μm, -0.2μm ≤ 10% -15%;
Degradable plastics require that the fineness of heavy calcium carbonate is -6-7μmm ≥97%, and the maximum particle size is required to be ≤8μm;
The functional fiber filler requires the inorganic non-metallic filler to have a fineness of 97% ≤ 2 μm and a maximum particle size ≤ 3 μm;
Polymer matrix composite magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide flame retardant fillers in claim median diameter d50≤1μm, 97% ≤5μm.
The demand for various non-metallic mineral ultrafine powder materials will increase significantly in the future market. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of ultra-fine, narrow-distribution and mass-production of non-metallic mineral raw materials in related application fields, the focus of future pulverization and grading technology development will be ultra-fine pulverization and fine grading technology.
Airflow smash
First, the process will be perfected on the basis of the existing crushing equipment, and the fine grading equipment with fine granularity, high precision, large processing capacity, low energy consumption per unit product, small abrasion and high efficiency will be developed.
Secondly, it will develop small crushing limit particle size, large crushing ratio and production capacity, low energy consumption per unit product, low abrasion, high crushing efficiency, wide application range and low melting point, toughness, high hardness, high purity and flammability. Ultra-fine pulverization method and equipment for processing special materials such as explosion;
Third, the development of automatic monitoring technology for particle size and particle size distribution, and the improvement of particle size detection methods and instruments.
Fourth, the development of special crushing and grading processes and equipment for the production of high aspect ratio wollastonite and tremolite powders and large diameter and thickness ratio wet grinding mica powder.
3 surface modification
Many applications have special requirements for the surface or interfacial properties of non-metallic mineral materials, such as:
Such as high polymer matrix composites (plastics, rubber, rubber, etc.), multiphase composite ceramic materials, coatings, adsorption and catalytic materials, biomedical materials, functional fibers, etc. require non-metallic mineral powder materials surface or interface and organic Or inorganic binders (high polymers, ceramic billets, oil paints, water-based paints, chemical fibers, etc.) and bio-based substrates have good compatibility;
Zeolite and kaolin catalysts or supports for the petrochemical industry must have a specific pore size distribution and a high specific surface area, 4A molecular sieves must have a certain calcium ion adsorption capacity, activated clay for benthic decolorization (bentonite) and diatoms for beer filtration. The soil should have a strong surface adsorption capacity;
The ability of diatomite for water treatment to selectively adsorb organic, inorganic pollutants and heavy metal ions.
Although the development of surface modification technology of powder materials is relatively late, it can significantly improve or improve the compatibility of non-metallic mineral powder materials with composite materials, and improve modern polymer/inorganic composites and multiphase composites. The properties of ceramic materials, high-grade or special coatings, functional fibers, etc. are of great significance.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of the surface and interface properties of non-metallic mineral raw materials, the surface modification, activation and composite technology of powder surface will become the most important deep processing technology for non-metallic mineral powder materials. one.
The surface modification technology of powder is highly targeted. In the future, the main development will be able to adapt to different uses and requirements, powder and modifier dispersion, high coverage or activation, stable product quality, energy consumption per unit of product. Low-cost, low-cost, easy-to-control, easy-to-control processes and related equipment, as well as surface-modifying formulation technologies for different applications and adaptations to different application areas, especially development can significantly improve ultra-fine powders and nano-powders in organic phase and Dispersibility and compatibility in the inorganic phase, non-metallic minerals (diatomaceous earth, zeolite, attapulgite, sepiolite, bentonite, etc.) capable of significantly improving the overall performance of the composite and selectively adsorbing toxic gases and harmful substances. Surface modification and activation technology, while developing surface modifiers or activators with wide source, low price and good application performance.
First, it will be developed on the basis of deepening principle research to adapt to different uses and requirements, powder and modifier dispersion, high coverage or activation, stable product quality, low energy consumption per unit product, low cost, process Simple, easy to control methods and related equipment;
Second, develop a production process and related equipment for non-metallic mineral composite active fillers that can significantly improve the overall performance of composite materials;
Third, develop surface modification and activation techniques for non-metallic minerals (diatomaceous earth, zeolite, attapulgite, sepiolite, bentonite, etc.) capable of selectively adsorbing toxic gases and harmful substances;
Fourth, the development of a wide range of sources, low prices, good application of surface modifiers or activators;
Fifth, develop “soft technology†for powder surface modification, that is, on the basis of multi-disciplinary synthesis, select powder materials and “design†powder surfaces according to the performance requirements of the target materials, using modern science and technology, especially advanced computing. Method, calculation technology and intelligent technology assisted in designing powder surface modification process and modifier formulation to reduce the workload of laboratory process and formulation test, improve the scientific rationality of surface modification process and modifier formulation, and achieve the most Good application performance and application effects.
4 non-metallic mineral materials
Functionalization is the main development trend of non-metallic mineral materials in the future. In order to meet the requirements of functionalized non-metallic mineral materials in related application fields, non-metallic mineral material processing technology will focus on development and aerospace, marine development, biomedicine, electronics, information, energy conservation and environmental protection, ecological construction, new building materials, new energy, Processing technology and equipment for functional non-metallic mineral materials such as special coatings and fast vehicles.
Such as graphite sealing materials, graphite lubricating materials, graphite conductive materials, asbestos and graphite friction materials, graphite intercalation compounds, high purity ultrafine graphite powder, mica pearlescent pigments, high temperature lubricating coatings, radiation shielding materials, catalyst catalytic materials, high performance adsorption materials, Reinforcing fillers, antibacterial fillers, flame retardant fillers, etc.
Among them, which have broad development prospects are:
High-purity ultrafine graphite powder (≤2μm), graphite sealing and lubricating materials, graphite conductive coatings, graphite intercalation compounds, clay intercalation compounds, mica pearlescent pigments, radiation shielding materials, catalysts and catalytic materials related to high-tech industries;
Environmentally-friendly diatomaceous earth, bentonite, sepiolite, attapulgite, 3A zeolite, 4A zeolite, 5A zeolite, 13A zeolite and other new non-metallic mineral environmentally friendly materials with high specific surface area and selective adsorption activity;
Special coatings such as road signs, acid rain, oxidation, fire, weathering, antifouling, thermal insulation, etc. based on non-metallic minerals;
Lightweight, thermal insulation, fireproof and flame retardant materials related to energy conservation and safety; artificial stone and special decorative stone related to building decoration;
Pavement modified asphalt with high temperature resistance, frost resistance and wear resistance;
High-performance friction materials such as asbestos and graphite related to fast transportation
5 non-metallic mineral chemicals
Non-metallic mineral chemicals are one of the important ways to comprehensively and efficiently utilize non-metallic mineral resources, especially for sulfate minerals such as barite, celestite and alum, carbonate minerals such as magnesite, limestone and dolomite, rutile. titanium-containing minerals, high alumina clay minerals, zirconium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, titanium and other elements of iron ore and other non-metallic minerals, has good prospects for development.
One of the development trends of non-metallic mineral chemical technology is to improve the utilization rate of resources and the extraction rate or recovery rate of useful elements or compounds in raw materials, such as comprehensive utilization of various tailings resources; and to renovate the tradition by adopting new technologies and new equipment. Process.
The second development trend of non-metallic mineral chemical technology is to expand the varieties of chemical products prepared with non-metallic minerals, especially through the use of new processes and new technologies to produce nano-scale products, such as nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate, nano-alumina. , nano titanium oxide, magnesium oxide nano, nano zirconia, nano magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles, nano aluminum, nano barium oxide, nano barium carbonate, strontium carbonate, nano, nano boron carbide and of different pore size and a certain polymorphs Distribution of porous products, such as whiskers, needles, flakes, columns, cubes, spheres and other crystalline powder products and various molecular sieves.
Calcium carbonate whisker photomicrograph
The third development trend of non-metallic mineral chemical technology is to protect the environment, reduce pollution and reduce energy consumption and production costs.
6 dehydration
The main development trend of dehydration operations:
First, mechanical dewatering is used as much as possible because mechanical dehydration has the lowest energy consumption;
The second is to improve the efficiency of mechanical dewatering operations, especially the filtration efficiency of high-viscosity ultrafine powder slurry;
The third is to improve the efficiency of drying operations and reduce the energy consumption of drying operations;
The fourth is to improve the automation level of dehydration operations;
The fifth is to develop large-scale filtration and drying equipment.
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