Relatively speaking, the average rider thinks that the exhaust system is far less realistic than a sheet metal spark plug and a straight-through ramjet for a motorcycle. The general senior riders are also limited to replacing the tail section:俺This is the original Japanese direct pass, and the power is increased by xx horsepower!†It seems that if the tail is not installed, it will be comparable to the rocket; but in fact, the general competitive exhaust is to be replaced in the whole paragraph. For the gp, the new car is off. It is extremely rare that the exhaust system is not changed dozens of times.
Let's talk about two rushes. The ideal exhaust process is that the exhaust valve opens. The high-pressure exhaust gas flows out of the cylinder under pressure. The remaining part that cannot flow out by its own pressure is removed by the scavenging process. The scavenging process of the four-stroke is Exhaust gas is removed by the piston at the bottom dead center going up to the top dead center; and the exhaust process of the two flushes is special, the scavenging process is to discharge the exhaust gas by spraying the same amount of combustible gas to the top of the cylinder filled with exhaust gas, due to the sweeping The gas in the gas process is mixed with the exhaust gas, so there is still some exhaust gas in the cylinder after the exhaust is completed, and there is flammable gas in the exhaust pipe, which will cause the engine power to drop and the fuel consumption to rise.
After an expansion chamber is connected in series in the exhaust pipe, it can be changed: when the exhaust valve is opened and the exhaust gas is ejected from the cylinder, a positive pressure pulse is generated in the head section due to the flushing of the exhaust gas. The wave propagates to the tail section at the speed of sound. After the head section, the positive pressure pulse wave enters the expansion chamber and travels to the expansion section of the expansion chamber. The positive pressure pulse wave suddenly increases in the conduction section and is in the expansion section. A negative pressure pulse wave is generated, and then a positive pressure pulse wave is generated through the contraction section, and the two pulse waves are respectively propagated by the expansion section and the contraction section, and propagate along the pipeline to both ends, wherein the portion traveling toward the head section travels When the exhaust valve is stalled (if the exhaust valve has not been closed at this time), the negative pressure wave first draws a part of the cylinder gas into the exhaust pipe; the positive pressure wave then presses a part of the gas in the exhaust pipe. Into the cylinder, the exhaust gas in the cylinder is drained by a suction and pressure process, and the combustible gas in the exhaust pipe is sent back to the cylinder; wherein: the length of the head section is inversely proportional to the compensation speed, and the slope of the expansion section and the contraction section versus The amplitude of the impulse is proportional to the length of the expansion and contraction segments, and the length of the expansion and contraction segments is proportional to the distance between the negative and positive pulse waves (the larger the spacing, the more gas is returned to the cylinder) The fewer the tail sections are straight-through structures, and the exhaust resistance (in inverse proportion to the inner diameter) is proportional to the average exhaust pressure.
In addition, in order to obtain the maximum output power, the four-punch race car is designed to be “open early and closedâ€, and the higher the engine strength, the larger the design value is at the peak. The best intake and exhaust effect is achieved at the output, but at medium and low speeds, due to the premature opening of the valve, the closing is too late, resulting in low intake efficiency, insufficient cylinder pressure, reduced torque, and carburetor reverse spray, so the car The exhaust tail section generally uses a capacitive silencing structure, and its interior is generally divided into three chambers in series to form two resonators, which form a smooth resonance within a certain range, and a part of the exhaust gas is pressed back to the cylinder to increase the initial cylinder pressure. Thereby, the torque output and economy are improved, but due to the limitation of the structure, the lower the corresponding compensation speed, the greater the exhaust resistance and the more severe the weakening of the maximum output power.
In order to balance the output of both high and low, the "phase valve" device appeared in the late 1980s, which is the exhaust controller installed between the front and middle sections of the exhaust gas of the high-performance racing car such as yzf-r1 (of course because of patent The reason is that each manufacturer calls it differently. Its function is to increase the exhaust back pressure at low speed and increase the initial cylinder pressure of the cylinder, thereby improving the torque and economy. At high speed, the phase valve is fully opened and the straight-through tail section is matched ( The straight-through tail section is resistant and is ideal for high-turning. It can fully exploit the potential of the engine.
Besides, the material, low-grade iron and stainless steel will not be said. The high-grade is mainly made of carbon fiber and titanium alloy. The common feature of these two high-tech materials is that the strength is very high and it is very light, which is very beneficial to reduce the weight; different More, the general gp new car began to match the end of the elastic fiber, the reason is to constantly change, in order to get the best results, and carbon fiber is very easy to process into various sizes, various shapes (who has not seen who The family's f1 shell is titanium alloy? It is far away), but the carbon fiber is not resistant to high temperature (exactly, the carbon fiber product, its adhesive is not resistant to high temperature), once the size is fixed, it is changed into titanium alloy. . Titanium alloy has high hardness and is difficult to process. The size can't be changed, but it is resistant to high temperature and good heat conduction, which is good for sound elimination. It is more suitable for commercial vehicles.
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