Following the rise of computers and the internet of things, the rise of the Internet of Things has set off the third wave of the world's information industry. The Internet of things is an important part of the new generation of information technology and can be regarded as an upgrade and expansion of the Internet. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Internet of Things (IoT) mainly deals with items and articles (Thing to Thing, T2T), Human to Thing (H2T) and Human to Human (H2H). Through the Internet as the basis for the extension and expansion of any goods and items, for information exchange and communication. In short the Internet of things is the "Internet of things connected." IoT architecture can be divided into three layers: the perception layer, the network layer and the application layer, the key technology connecting the perception layer and the network layer is the IoT gateway. In the Internet of Things era, IOT Gateway will be crucial.
Internet of Things gateway concept
As a link connecting the perceptual layer with the network layer, the IoT gateway can realize the protocol conversion between the perceptual network and the communication network and the different types of perceptual networks, and can realize the wide area interconnection and the local area interconnection. In wireless sensor networks, IoT gateways are indispensable core devices. In addition, the IoT gateway also needs to have the device management function. The operator can manage the underlying sensing nodes through the IoT gateway device to know the relevant information of each node and implement remote control.
Internet of Things gateway form
From the definition of IoT gateway, IoT gateway is difficult to appear in a relatively fixed form. Generally speaking, any device that can send the information collected by the perceptual layer to the Internet through the protocol conversion of this terminal can be regarded as the Internet of Things gateway. Forms can be box-shaped can also be a tablet, you can have the interactive screen display mode, it can be closed or semi-closed non-interactive form.
Internet of Things gateway key technologies
1, multi-standard interworking access capabilities: There are many technical standards for short-range communications. Common sensor network technologies include ZigBee, Z-Wave, RUBEE, WirelessHART, IETF6IowPAN, AM "" / ANrr +, Wibree,] nSTeON. Various types of technology mainly for a certain type of application, the lack of compatibility and system planning. Such as: Z.Wave mainly used in wireless smart home network, RUBEE suitable for harsh environments, WirelessHART mainly in the field of industrial monitoring. To achieve a variety of communication technology standards for interoperability, Internet gateway has become a problem that must be solved. Is designed for each standard separate gateway, and then through the gateway between the unified interface. Or use the standard adapter layer, different technical standards to develop the corresponding interface.
2, Gateway manageability: As the network element connected to the network, the IOT gateway must have certain management functions, including registration and login management, rights management, task management, data management, fault management, condition monitoring and remote diagnosis , Parameter query and configuration, event handling, remote control, remote upgrade and more. If it is necessary to realize the manageability of the entire network, not only the management of the gateway device itself but also the management of each node in the subnet should be further implemented, for example, obtaining the identifier, status, attribute and other information of the node, and remotely waking up, controlling, Diagnosis, upgrade and maintenance. Although according to sub-technology standards are different. The complexity of the agreement is different, the content of the management can be quite different.
Internet of Things gateway application direction
Where IoT applications, there must be the existence of IoT gateways. Through the sensors connected to the sensing layer, the application of radio frequency (RFID), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), intelligent embedded terminals, and IoT gateways will be applied in intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, safe home, smart fire protection, Monitoring, environmental monitoring, street lighting control, landscape lighting control, lighting control buildings, square lighting control, the elderly care, personal health, flower cultivation, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence gathering and other fields. The protocols and gateways used by IOT gateways vary in different application directions. However, their basic functions are to convert various types of information collected by the perceptual layer into high-speed data to the Internet through related protocols and achieve certain management functions .
IOT Gateway Application Examples
1, smart home
The use of IoT gateways in the home is also a very typical IoT application. Nowadays, many home devices in the home are more and more diverse. Some of the devices have their own remote control capabilities such as air conditioners and TV sets. Some of them do not have this capability in water heaters, microwave ovens, rice cookers and refrigerators. Even though these devices can be remotely controlled, their control and control range are very limited. And these devices are isolated from each other. Can not effectively achieve the sharing of resources and information. With the development of Internet of Things technology, especially the IoT gateway technology, the problem of interoperability among home devices in the smart home will also be solved.
Smart home model pictured, TV, washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators and other appliances. Access control, smoke detectors, camera security equipment, lamps, chandeliers, lighting and other lighting lighting curtains, etc., through the integration of specific communication modules, respectively, constitute their own ad hoc networking subsystems. In the home IOT gateway device, several sets of common ad hoc network communication protocols are integrated and can simultaneously communicate with devices or subsystems that use different protocols. Users only need to operate the gateway. You can control all the smart devices connected to the gateway in your home.
2, car network gateway
As one of the industries that Internet of Things has done well, it is regarded by the domestic academic circles as the first practicable IoT system. It has been verified by the national expert group that it is estimated that it will invest 200 billion yuan. Shanghai Chen Han electronic CARMAN system that is multi-functional vehicle terminal and car network gateway combo products. The CARMAN system integrates digital video compression storage and 3G Digital Video Record based on the requirements of the national standard GB-T19056-2003 / Ministry of Transportation Industry Standards, combined with GPS positioning monitoring, car tachograph, and SD card mass storage , Driver IC card identification, bus stopwatch, multi-channel data interface, car Bluetooth hands-free voice calls, reversing monitoring, WIFI hot spots, more passenger comfort entertainment car MP3 / MP4, car audio
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