A flow battery is a battery in which the positive and negative electrodes of the battery or a certain polar active material is a liquid fluid redox couple. According to different active substances, there are three kinds of liquid flow batteries, such as zinc-bromine battery, sodium polysulfide/bromine battery and all-vanadium flow battery. Among them, all vanadium redox flow batteries are considered to be the most promising liquid flow energy storage battery technology.
All vanadium redox flow energy storage battery has the advantages of long cycle life (more than 16000 times), large storage capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, free site selection, deep discharge, flexible system design, safety and environmental protection, low maintenance cost, etc. The power storage capacity is several kilowatts to tens of megawatts, and the energy storage capacity is several hours or more. In the large-scale fixed energy storage occasion, the liquid storage battery has obvious advantages, and it is one of the preferred technologies for large-scale and high-efficiency energy storage technology.
In 2005, Sumitomo Electric Co., Ltd. built a 4MW/6MWh all-vanadium flow battery system for a 36MW wind farm in Hokkaido. The system achieves 270,000 charge and discharge cycles in three years of application, playing an important role in smoothing wind farm output and energy storage. The all-vanadium flow energy storage battery is currently the only energy storage technology that has been applied in large-scale wind farms. Japan's demonstration experience shows that flow batteries are the most suitable energy storage technology for wind power generation.
Dalian Dalian Institute of Chemical Industry and Dalian Rongke Energy Storage Technology Development Co., Ltd. jointly implemented a number of “light-storage†and “wind-light-storage†application demonstration projects using all-vanadium flow battery to promote the independent intellectual property rights of China. The flow battery technology entered the initial stage of industrialization.
However, the flow energy storage battery has low energy density and power density. It is necessary to speed up the development of engineering and mass production technologies to further reduce costs and improve performance to meet the commercialization needs of flow batteries.
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