The horizontal Converter consists of a furnace base, a furnace body, a supply air system, a smoke exhaust system, a transmission system, and a quartz and cold material addition system.
(1) Furnace base. Casted from reinforced concrete, there are anchor bolts on the base of the furnace to fix the chassis of the roller. On the top of the chassis of the roller, there are two rollers on the longitudinal sides of the furnace to support the weight of the furnace and the furnace is on the top. Rotate.
(2) Furnace body. A cross-sectional view of the horizontal converter, as shown in Figure 1. The furnace body is composed of a furnace shell, a furnace lining, a furnace mouth, a wind pipe, a large circle, a large gear and the like.
(3) Furnace shell. It is the main body of the furnace, and is a cylinder that is riveted or welded by a 40-45 mm thick boiler steel plate. The ends of the cylinder are end caps and are also made of steel plates of the same specification. There is a large circle not far from the two ends of the furnace shell, the inner side of the large ring is fixed on the furnace shell, and the outer end is supported on the supporting wheel and can be relatively rolled. In addition, a large gear is fixed on the furnace shell, which is a driven wheel of the converter transmission mechanism. When the main motor rotates, the pinion gear is driven by the speed reducer, and the pinion gear drives the large gear, so that the converter can be rotated 360° or stopped at random. In either position.
(4) Furnace mouth. In the middle of the furnace shell, there is a furnace opening inclined 27.5° backward, which is convenient for feeding, slag discharging, discharging, exhausting, and maintenance personnel to repair the furnace. The mouth of the furnace is generally rectangular, and a few are round, and the ratio of the area of ​​the furnace mouth to the maximum horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the furnace body is 0.17 to 0.36. This is because the furnace mouth is too small, which will cause poor smoke exhaustion, and cannot guarantee that the smoke will exhaust at a normal speed of 8-10 m/s. Excessive furnace mouth makes the furnace body weakened, easily deformed, and increases heat loss and material splash loss in the furnace. Since the furnace mouth is often corroded by the melt and high-temperature flue gas and the mechanical force when cleaning the furnace mouth, the furnace mouth is easily damaged. Therefore, in addition to opening a "dead" furnace mouth on the furnace shell, it is also used on the "dead" furnace mouth. a bolt can be fixed removably mounted "live" furnace opening, "live" material to the furnace opening combined gold, the general life of 3 to 6 months.
(5) Furnace lining. To protect the furnace shell being burned, the furnace shell inner refractory masonry, now more chrome magnesia, magnesium or alkaline substance as refractory converter lining. The lining is divided into the following areas: tuyere area, upper tuyere area, pair of tuyere area, furnace shoulder and furnace mouth, furnace and end wall. Since the zones are heated and melted, the degree of corrosion is different, so the refractory materials and masonry thickness used in each zone are also different. The order of severity of damage to the linings is roughly the same: the tuyere area, the upper vent area, the end wall, the furnace bottom and the tuyere area. [next]
(6) The tuyere. There are dozens to dozens of tuyères on one side of the converter shell, and seamless steel pipes are installed in the tuyere, and air is sent from the tuyere into the converter pool. The tuyere angle has a great influence on the blowing operation because the inclination angle is too small, which not only exacerbates the splashing of the material, but also reduces the air utilization rate. If the angle of inclination is too large, the wall of the furnace is seriously washed, which affects the life of the furnace, and at the same time brings inconvenience to the operation of cleaning the tuyere.
(7) Smoke exhaust system. In order to ensure good working conditions and increase the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to facilitate acid production, a sealing hood is arranged above the converter, and the other end of the hood and the exhaust gas collecting system are supplied with sulfuric acid. Current general hoods long life, bonding phenomenon style hoods and cast-iron type hoods. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas type hood is diluted in the lower part of the front wall of the hood, and a sealing trolley that can move up and down is placed in the lower part of the front wall of the hood, which is lifted by the hoist when feeding, slag discharging and discharging, and is put down during normal blowing, to eliminate The flue gas generated during the slag entering and discharging is provided with a rotatable rotating hood at the front of the furnace body. When the slag is discharged and discharged, the bun and the furnace mouth are covered to discharge the flue gas.
(8) Quartz and cold materials are added to the system. The equipment for adding flux to the converter should ensure timely supply, uniform feeding, convenient operation and accurate measurement. In order to accurately and uniformly, conveniently and timely add quartz and cold materials to the converter, Jinchuan Company uses the chute method to add quartz and cold materials to the furnace. The chute method is to install a blank chute on both sides of the converter. The chute is inclined, and the quartz cold material is sent to the silo in the upper and lower sides of the converter by the belt conveyor, and then horizontally installed on both sides of the converter. The belt conveyors are fed into the chute and added to the furnace. The feeding method is relatively uniform, and the feeding amount is controlled by the running time of the horizontal belt conveyor or the weighing scale.
(9) Transmission system. The converter is equipped with a high-temperature melt, and the transmission equipment must be flexible, reliable, and stable, and the converter can be turned to any position at any time as needed, and stabilized at this position. In order to achieve the above requirements, a turbine vortex device and an electromagnetic brake device are installed in the converter transmission mechanism to prevent the furnace from rotating due to inertia. In addition, each converter is generally equipped with two electric motors: one for the AC motor and the other for the DC motor to ensure the normal rotation of the furnace. The AC motor is a working motor used in normal production, and the DC motor is an accident backup motor. Both motors are connected to the main shaft of the same gearbox. Once the AC motor cannot operate normally, the DC motor can be started immediately to lift the air port. The liquid level is removed to prevent the tuyere from being filled to ensure safe production. The motor is coupled to the coupling and the pinion via a gearbox, and then the pinion drives the large gear on the furnace shell to rotate the furnace on the idler. An accident interlocking device is also provided in the converter transmission mechanism. When the converter is stopped, the power is cut off, or the wind pressure is insufficient, the device can immediately drive the furnace to rotate, so that the tuyere is lifted off the liquid surface, thereby preventing the air outlet from being filled.
(10) Air supply system. The air required for the converter is supplied by a high-pressure blower. The high-pressure air blown by the blower passes through the main air duct, the supporting air duct, the linkage damper, the movable rotor, the triangular bellows, the U-shaped duct, the horizontal bellows, the marble valve, and the horizontal wind. After the tube enters the furnace, the furnace needs to stop the wind when the slag is discharged, fed, and discharged. At this time, the linkage damper is closed, and the wind is ventilated through the damper, the emptying tube and the muffler chamber. The horizontal duct sends the cold air into the furnace. At the exit, the melt is easily condensed, and the tuyere is partially blocked. For the purpose of cleaning, a marble valve is installed in the horizontal box, and the steel ball automatically returns to the ball seat. Moving up and down, usually under the action of gravity and wind pressure, the steel ball just blocks the inlet and outlet of the steel brazing. When the tuyere is cleaned, the steel bracing pushes up the steel ball, and the solder strikes the bonding or melt, which will stick When the knot is broken and the steel brazing is taken out, the steel ball automatically returns to the original position.
(11) Instrument control. In order to ensure the normal operation and safe production of the furnace, the converter control room is equipped with a wind pressure gauge, a wind gauge, a vacuum gauge, an ammeter, and a voltmeter, so that the operator can grasp the condition of the converter at any time, so as to take timely measures to take appropriate measures.
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