2014 is the first year of comprehensive deepening reform. The central government has established a high-level reform and leadership organization. The reform leadership system, decision-making system, promotion mechanism, and working methods are more complete and perfect, and are more suitable for the reform and tackling requirements in the new era. Over the past year, major progress has been made in comprehensively deepening reforms, and the reforms have shown a vivid picture of comprehensive planting and sub-flowering. As the focus of comprehensive and deepening reforms, in the aspect of economic system reform, a number of reform plans with the top-level design nature have been introduced, and some important reforms have been made to achieve breakthroughs; a large number of administrative examination and approval items have been cancelled and decentralized, and the market is surrounded by resources. Breakthroughs were made in the important reforms that played a decisive role in the configuration; a number of major reform pilots were initiated and implemented, and breakthroughs were made in some far-reaching reform areas. The continuous advancement of economic system reform has played an important role in stabilizing growth, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood, and preventing risks, and has injected vitality and motivation for the healthy development of economy and society.
First, the reform of the administrative examination and approval system has been greatly promoted, which has effectively stimulated the vitality of the market. The new government regards the decentralization of the administration as the first major event to open the door, and promotes the government's own revolution with the reform of the administrative system. In the field of investment and production and operation, in 2014, 247 administrative examination and approval items were cancelled and decentralized, and efforts were made to strengthen post-event supervision. A list of administrative examination and approval items for various departments was published, a list system for listings of enterprises related to enterprises was established, and decisions were made to clean up the examination and approval of non-administrative licenses and to promote fair competition in the market to maintain normal market order. The reform of the commercial system was comprehensively promoted, and the registered capital was changed from the “pay-as-you-go†to the “contribution systemâ€. The approval procedure was changed from “pre-certification†to “first-proof licenseâ€, which effectively reduced the cost of entrepreneurship and greatly stimulated Social investment entrepreneurship enthusiasm
Second, the reform of state-owned enterprises has been steadily advanced, and the vitality, control, and influence of the state-owned economy have been continuously enhanced. In-depth study of state-owned enterprises, state-owned assets management system, development of mixed-ownership economy, non-state-owned capital participation in state-owned enterprise investment projects, and further deepening reform of the power system. The opinions on the reform of the salary system of the person in charge of the central management enterprise were issued. Actively promote the restructuring of central enterprises, the establishment of the company, and the restructuring of COFCO and Huafu Group, China South Locomotive and China CNR. Orderly promote the construction of the board of directors of the central enterprises, and add 22 new enterprises to be included in the scope of the standard board construction pilot. We will start the reform of the central enterprises into state-owned capital investment companies, develop a mixed-ownership economy, and divest state-owned enterprises to carry out social functions and solve the problems of historical legacy.
Third, the investment and financing system reform achieved new breakthroughs, and the corporate investment status was further established. The reform of the project approval system has taken important steps. The list of government-approved investment projects was revised again, and 15 items were approved and 23 approval items were decentralized. The approved projects at the central level decreased by 76% in two years. Foreign-invested projects have been changed from comprehensive approval to universal filing and limited approval, and over 95% of filing management has been implemented. Except for special circumstances, all overseas investment projects were cancelled and approved for filing, and an online filing system was opened. We implemented policies and measures to encourage and guide private investment, vigorously promoted the government and social capital cooperation model, and launched 80 demonstration projects that encourage social capital, especially private investment, to participate in construction operations. Formulate guidelines for implementing investment and financing mechanisms in key areas of innovation to encourage social investment, and introduce a work plan for streamlining examination and approval matters to regulate intermediary services and implement online parallel approval systems for enterprise investment projects.
Fourth, the reform of the fiscal and taxation system has been solidly promoted, effectively promoting economic restructuring. Deepen the formulation and implementation of the overall plan for the reform of the fiscal and taxation system. The new budget law was revised. The proportion of central state-owned capital gains increased by 5 percentage points, which is more used to protect and improve people's livelihood. Pilot self-sufficiency of local government bonds in 10 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The special transfer payment project was compressed by 1/3 compared with the previous year. The coal resource tax was changed from the quantitative calculation to the ad valorem. The reform of the camp will be extended to the railway transportation, postal, telecommunications and other industries. The consumption tax on some products such as refined oil was adjusted. The tax incentives for small and micro enterprises and the accelerated income tax depreciation corporate income tax policy for fixed assets were improved.
Fifth, the reform of the financial system continued to deepen and better serve the development of the real economy. Accelerate the reform of interest rate marketization, expand the floating rate of deposit interest rates of financial institutions, and simplify the term schedule. The scope of the issuance of inter-bank deposit receipts was expanded, and the upper limit of the interest rate of small foreign currency deposits was released in the jurisdiction of Shanghai. The floating range of the RMB exchange rate has been widened, and the two-way floating elasticity has been significantly enhanced. The expansion of financial institutions was open to the outside world, and five private banks were allowed to build. Introduce some opinions to further promote the healthy development of the capital market, promote the reform of the new share issuance system, improve the delisting system of listed companies, comprehensively promote the reform of the GEM market, promote the implementation of employee stock ownership plans, launch pilot projects of preferred stocks, and “Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect†in the stock market. Pilots, etc., the SME share transfer system pilot program was expanded to the whole country.
Sixth, price reforms such as resource products have been further advanced, and the mechanism for determining prices by the market has been further improved. The prices of 50 commodities and services such as low-cost drugs, medical services for non-public medical institutions, and telecommunications charges were released. The price of railway freight is changed from government pricing to government-guided price and upper limit management. The benchmark fare for passenger routes on domestic routes is changed from government pricing to airline pricing based on government-defined pricing rules. The pilot reform of soybean price in Xinjiang, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia was launched. Pilot reform of transmission and distribution price in Shenzhen and Inner Mongolia Western Power Grid. The price of natural gas for non-residential use was adjusted by promoting the price of residential water and gas ladder.
Seventh, urbanization and urban-rural reforms have been steadily pushed forward, creating a good institutional environment for new urbanization. The national new urbanization planning and household registration system reform, and the “three 100 million people†implementation plan and other supporting policies were implemented, including the introduction of a new national urbanization pilot project in two provinces and 62 cities (towns), and the optimization of urban scale standards. Adjustment. 28 cities and counties were selected to launch the “multi-regulation†pilot program for economic and social development planning, urban and rural planning, land use planning, and ecological environmental protection planning. We launched a pilot program to actively develop the cooperation of farmers' shares and empower farmers to reform their collective assets. Prudently and steadily promote the pilot project of rural land acquisition and collective management construction land entry and homestead system reform. Guide the orderly transfer of rural land management rights, develop moderate scale operation of agriculture, and realize 30% of rural contracted cultivated land. The registration and certification of rural collective land ownership confirmation has been basically completed, and the pilot area of ​​rural land contractual management rights has been expanded to 1611 counties (cities, districts) nationwide.
Eighth, an important breakthrough was made in building a new open economic system, and it has played a good role in promoting reform through openness. Policy measures to support the steady growth of foreign trade and strengthen imports under the new situation were introduced. We will steadily promote the pilot reform of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone in China, and introduce institutional arrangements for foreign investment negative list, commercial registration, customs quality inspection facilitation, taxation and one Netcom, and revised and released the 2014 foreign investment negative list. The pilot has formed a batch of replicable Can promote experience. Three free trade zones will be set up in specific areas of Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian. The “One Belt, One Road†strategy was implemented and the relevant master plan was completed. Completed the revision of the Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue. With the improvement of foreign capital quality and structural optimization, the actual use of non-financial foreign direct investment for the year was US$119.6 billion, an increase of 1.7%, and the proportion of actual utilization of foreign investment in the service industry increased to 55.4%. The “going out†system continued to improve, with non-financial foreign direct investment for the year totaling US$102.9 billion, an increase of 14.1%.
Nine is that the reform of the social undertakings continues to deepen, and the institutional arrangements for better protection and improvement of people's livelihood are becoming more and more perfect. We will deepen the reform of the education system, introduce the implementation of the reform of the examination and admission system reform, accelerate the development of modern vocational education, further expand the provincial government education co-ordination, and implement and expand the autonomy of colleges and universities. In-depth promotion of the reform of the medical and health system, the county-level public hospital comprehensive reform pilot coverage of more than 50% of the counties (cities), the second batch of 17 countries to contact the public hospital reform pilot cities. The implementation of the “two children alone†policy has been widely implemented throughout the country. Unify the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents. The implementation of the interim measures for the implementation of the urban and rural endowment insurance system and the interim measures for social assistance, the establishment of a temporary assistance system, and the implementation of the major illness insurance system for urban and rural residents. The reform plan for the endowment insurance system of government agencies and institutions was introduced. Public rental housing and low-rent housing have been put into operation. The guiding opinions on the comprehensive reform of the official car system were introduced, and they were first implemented in the central and state organs.
Ten is the solid advancement of the ecological civilization system reform, and the institutional guarantee for the construction of beautiful China. The National Carbon Emissions Trading Management Measures were introduced, the national carbon emission total control system and the decomposition implementation mechanism implementation plan were established, and the construction of the national carbon emission trading registration system software and hardware system was completed. The 2014-2015 Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Low Carbon Development Action Plan and the Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan Implementation Assessment Method were issued. Vigorously promote the linkage of pollution prevention and control areas, and promote the establishment of a coordinated mechanism for air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Introduced guidance to further promote the use of emissions and the pilot of trading. Issued opinions on the implementation of third-party governance of environmental pollution. We launched the implementation of the most stringent water resources management system assessment work plan, and initiated pilot projects such as the registration of water rights use rights, the transfer of water rights transactions, and the construction of water rights systems. The introduction of the temporary regulations on the registration of real estate and the implementation of the unified registration system for real estate.
In 2014, the reform of the economic system was strong, with many results and good results, and achieved positive results. First, it effectively stimulated the vitality of the market. A series of reform measures, such as decentralization and decentralization, have created a market and institutional environment that fully stimulates innovation. The real economy, private economy and small and medium-sized enterprises have broader development space, and market vitality has been further released and stimulated. More than 11 million new registered market entities have driven a large number of jobs and formed a new wave of entrepreneurial employment. New technologies, new products, new formats, and new business models are emerging. Second, it has effectively promoted structural adjustment. A series of reform measures have pushed the economic structure from the incremental expansion to the adjustment of the stocks and the adjustment of the advantages and benefits. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth reached 51.2%, exceeding the contribution rate of capital formation. The added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 48.2% of GDP, and the added value of the service industry increased by 8.1%. The coordination of regional development has been further enhanced. The income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.8%. The third is to further improve people's livelihood. Reform faces the demands of people's livelihood and continuously introduces new measures in the field of people's livelihood. The per capita disposable income of the national population actually increased by 8%, exceeding the economic growth rate. Although the downward pressure on the economy has increased, employment has reached a new high, and 13.22 million new jobs have been created in cities and towns throughout the year. The coverage of various social security has been further expanded. The basic public service guarantee capability has been further enhanced, and the reform results have been more widely and directly benefited the people.
2015 is a crucial year for comprehensive deepening reforms. The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that reforms should be promoted around solving outstanding problems facing development and launching reform measures that have both annual characteristics and long-term institutional arrangements. In accordance with the deployment of the Central Economic Work Conference, the economic system reform in 2015 should actively adapt to the speed change, structural optimization, new power conversion characteristics and trend changes in the new normal of economic development, in order to deal with the relationship between the government and the market as the core, and the government itself. The reforms will drive reforms in important areas, focus on the implementation of reform plans that have already been introduced, and actively introduce new measures for the annual economic system reform, further stimulate market and social vitality, and transform the new dividends into new development momentum.
In the next step, the National Development and Reform Commission will be more proactive in deepening economic system reform. On the one hand, we have completed the reform tasks set by the Party Central Committee and the State Council; on the other hand, we have been more active and steadily promoting market-oriented reforms from the breadth and depth, transforming functions more flexibly, and simplifying administration and decentralization, and striving to promote resources. The allocation is based on market rules, market prices, market competition to maximize benefits and optimize efficiency.
The die casting process involves the use of a furnace, metal, die casting machine, and die.
The metal, typically a non-ferrous alloy such as aluminium or zinc, is melted in the furnace and then injected into the dies in the die casting machine. After the molten metal is injected into the dies, it rapidly cools and solidifies into the final part, called the casting parts.
The castings that are created in this process can vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from a couple of ounces to 100 pounds. One common application of die-cast parts are housings - thin-walled enclosures, often requiring many ribs and bosses on the interior.
Metal housings for a variety of appliances and equipment are often die cast.
Several automobile components are also manufactured using die casting, including pistons, cylinder heads, and engine blocks. Most home appliances also need lightweight and r aluminum die castingheat dissipation . Other common die cast parts include propellers, gears, bushings, pumps, and valves.
Belt Pulley,Wind Impeller,Washing Machine Pulley,Washing Machine Motor Pulley
Ningbo Sunlee Electrical Technology Co. , Ltd. , https://www.nbsunlee.com