[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] At present, agricultural products consume a large amount of fossil fuels while ensuring food security, and emit a large amount of greenhouse gases, especially the fertilizer industry, which has become an important indirect carbon emission in the process of crop planting. One of the sources. This year, the national carbon emission trading market will start soon. Nitrogen, phosphate, potash, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, chemical pesticides and other production enterprises that meet the relevant requirements will be included. This requires the agricultural production enterprises to be market-oriented. Energy conservation and emission reduction under the rules.
In fact, the pilot work of domestic carbon emission trading has already started. Since 2013, China has carried out carbon in seven provinces and cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei and Shenzhen. Pilot work on emissions trading has played a positive role in exploring market-oriented energy conservation and emission reduction paths. So, what is the current status of the carbon trading market in the pilot provinces? What methods will be adopted in the national carbon emission trading market to guide enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions?
Pilot compliance is relatively easy
Hubei Province is one of the pilot provinces for carbon emission trading in China, and it is also a province with relatively concentrated chemical fertilizer enterprises in China. It is a group of well-known enterprises such as Hubei Xiangyun (Group) Chemical Co., Ltd. and Hubei Saning Chemical Co., Ltd. . As a fertilizer company in the pilot provinces, Hubei Xiangyun and Hubei Sanning are the first batch of enterprises in Hubei Province to complete the 2014 annual carbon emission compliance. Since the implementation of the contract in 2014, both companies are actively carrying out energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Guo Guowei, deputy director of Hubei Xiangyun Production Department, has been responsible for the company's carbon asset management work and has his own opinions on carbon emissions trading. According to him, in the chemical fertilizer enterprises in Hubei, the carbon quota allocation method of enterprises has been implemented by the historical strength reduction method. This method is calculated based on the physical output, historical intensity value and emission reduction coefficient of the emission unit. Generally speaking, if quotas are allocated according to such methods, if the physical output of the controlled enterprises is unchanged, then the quotas they receive will decline year by year, and the pressure on enterprises to withstand emissions will increase year by year.
"In this way, we are required to reduce our emission reductions by 4.3% in 2016 compared to 2015, and we need to actually reduce more than 30,000 tons of carbon dioxide," he said. In fact, after the energy-saving renovation of Hubei Xiangyun in 2016, the total carbon emissions decreased by 2.71%, and the actual carbon dioxide emission reduction was 20,000 tons. But even then, the company still needs to purchase more than 10,000 tons of quotas in the market to complete the contract. In the pilot project in Hubei, the unit carbon price generally fluctuated between 10-20 yuan, then the carbon price of 10,000 tons of quota was between 100,000 and 200,000 yuan. For large chemical companies, such compliance costs will not put too much pressure on companies.
In comparison, the task of reducing emissions in Hubei's Saning is even heavier. According to Peng Hui, deputy director of the company's production and environmental protection department, the actual carbon dioxide emissions in 2015 were about 4 million tons. According to the historical strength reduction method, the company should complete an emission reduction of about 160,000 tons of carbon dioxide in 2016. “However, we have new capacity in 2016, and the NDRC re-calculated the quota according to our production capacity, so we got a quota of 4.42 million tons in 2016, and there is still a little surplus after the contract.â€
In general, the current implementation of enterprises in Hubei Province is relatively easy, but for many companies, the completion of performance is not the ultimate goal, energy conservation and emission reduction is the core of the carbon emissions trading market. However, the company's method of using the historical strength reduction method to allocate quotas is suspected of “whipping fast cattle†because enterprises are reducing emissions according to a certain proportion based on their historical emissions, so the more enterprises with large output are reduced. The greater the pressure, the situation will change after the launch of the national carbon emission trading market.
Carbon asset management needs improvement
It is understood that the current carbon trading pilot has initially formed a carbon price market mechanism, but it may take some time for companies to fully utilize this game rule. We still use the Hubei pilot as an example. We can find that carbon asset management needs further improvement.
According to Li Qiuchen, general manager of the trading department of Hubei Carbon Emissions Trading Center, many companies have not formed their own carbon asset management team. Many enterprises do not use the quota allocated by the NDRC as an asset. In fact, this is true. For example, the carbon asset management of Hubei Saning and Hubei Xiangyun is assigned to the production department of the enterprise for management. The management of carbon assets by enterprises is more inclined to complete emission reduction performance management than value management. After the company obtains the quota, these valuable quotas are often in a state of slumber, and there is no interest in the business through the transaction. The reasons for this situation are both objective and subjective.
Objectively speaking, the current carbon market is not yet particularly mature. For example, some banks do not regard carbon credits as assets of enterprises, so bank mortgages and loans with initial quotas have not been fully rolled out. Guo Guowei said: "We hope that the business that uses the initial quota financing can be smoothly pushed forward, which can greatly help the enterprise. The enterprises that can use the initial quota for financing are only cases and are not representative."
Subjectively, in order to protect the normal performance of the company, the personnel responsible for carbon asset management tend to be conservative in operation. For example, in the aspect of carbon asset custody, if the carbon assets are handed over to a third party, it is necessary to provide the enterprise account and password to the third party institution, which is a considerable risk to the enterprise. Peng Hui told reporters: "For us, hosting is too insecure. If something goes wrong, it will be very serious, so we will not do things that are not guaranteed."
As far as quota trading is concerned, the active period of Hubei's carbon market is generally very active after the third-party verification agencies have checked the control companies and the time before the contract. “In general, in March each year, after the third-party verification agency verified the emissions last year, after comparing the verification results with the quota issued by the NDRC, if there is a surplus quota, the company can get the market transaction, if there is a gap. To go to the market to buy, it is difficult to deal with the quota unless it is sold at a low price."
From this point of view, enterprises have their own difficulties in not fully utilizing the carbon allowance as an asset. However, according to interviews with reporters, enterprises in the pilot provinces can cope with future transactions in the national carbon market because they have accumulated experience in carbon asset management. However, companies in non-pilot provinces are currently only equipped with relevant personnel and are still in the learning stage. 2017-2020 is the stage of the national carbon emission trading market. This stage is the process of trial operation and gradual improvement of the national carbon trading. Therefore, enterprises still have time to gradually adjust their carbon asset management strategies.
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