The arrival of the era of high-speed transport has brought good opportunities for the development of heavy-duty vehicles as the main types of road transport. The role of road transport in the integrated transport system has also become increasingly important. For this reason, the speed of cargo turnover, average transport mileage and tonnage of road transport have also risen. In order to adapt to these changes, highway trucks have focused on the development of heavy-duty vehicles with a power of 300 horsepower or more. In addition, a series of policies and regulations that have a far-reaching impact on the heavy-duty auto market have also promoted heavy-duty vehicles into the track of “large-tonnage, high-power, and heavy-dutyâ€. However, there is still a certain gap between China's existing engine level and foreign advanced engine level, which requires domestic enterprises to “be far behindâ€.
Power: The big little related data shows that in 2001, the dominant model of domestic heavy truck engines was 132~154kW, and the power range was 180~210Ps. In 2004, driven by the sustained and healthy development of the national economy, the country’s highway mileage increased, the logistics and transportation industry showed a trend of blowouts, and the influence of relevant industry policies such as stricter control over the ultra-superiority, the dominant model became 190~210kW. The power range is 260~300Ps. This shows that the power performance of domestic heavy-duty vehicles is increasing year by year, and the high-power level engine represents a new trend in the development of international power. Among them, the demand for mid-to-high end heavy trucks with a load of over 15 tons is the largest, and heavy duty trucks with a load of over 20 tons will maintain a rapid growth trend. Large-tonnage, high-power, high-end heavy trucks and special vehicles suitable for specialized transportation will become the mainstream models in China.
For this reason, VOLVO, MAN and other overseas corps were swarmed in 2004 and constantly participated in various exhibitions to recommend "Macro" trucks such as FH16 and TGA series. The FH16 series trucks are equipped with a new generation of D16C engines with a maximum power of 610Ps. The TGA series of Man Corporation are equipped with 530Ps engines. The DAF95XF series models are equipped with 12.6L engines and the power is also 530Ps.
Compared with foreign "Macro" engines, the high-power engines used in domestic heavy-duty vehicles are insignificant. According to statistics, currently the engine with the largest capacity for heavy truck loading is the WD 618.42 turbocharged and intercooled diesel engine produced by Steyr Engine Technology of CNHTC Weifang Diesel Engine Plant. Its power is 420Ps, and its power is far weaker than that of foreign engines. The actual usage also shows that there are still a series of technical problems that need to be improved after the localization of the engine.
Displacement: The small is not small The maximum displacement of the diesel engine used in heavy trucks in China can reach 11.596L; the cylinder diameters of diesel engines are mainly 108mm, 100mm, 110mm, 112mm, 114mm, 125mm, 126mm, 130mm, 135mm and other models. The smaller displacement (6~7L) engines are mainly used on economical heavy trucks, such as the Liberation Shuangqiao 9 Pingchai, Dongfeng 8 Pingchai and other models. They are equipped with the Dichai 6100 series models and Cummins B series models, respectively. Yuchai 6108 series engine; Medium displacement (8~9L) engine is mainly used for heavy vehicles with good performance and moderate price, such as China National Heavy Duty Truck Steyr Series, Jiefang 9 Pingchai Series and Futian Auman Series; Larger displacement engines (above 9L) are mainly used for medium-to-high-end heavy-duty vehicles, such as China National Heavy-duty Trucks Steyr King Series, Dongfeng Hangzhou Nissan Diesel Series and the North Mercedes-Benz Series.
Compared with foreign engines of the same type, the engines used in heavy-duty vehicles in China use in-line six-cylinder diesel engines. In the case of similar total displacement, there are disadvantages such as low power, high emissions, low reliability, and poor fuel economy, and it is by no means a single word. The relevant experts have no worries to say that compared to foreign advanced engine levels. The comprehensive engine technology of China's engines lags behind 8 to 10 years. Although currently the "big names" of engines such as Cummins of the United States have established branches in China, the level of their technological content is far from the products of the original European and American manufacturers. Due to the restrictions imposed by China’s road construction and truck consumption levels, high-performance, low-emission, high-end engines may not have good sales performance in China. Relevant data show that many truck giants in China mainly sell heavy-duty trucks with high-power engines in China, but their total sales account for only 3% of the national market. For this reason, it takes time for the engine to achieve the goal of high power, low emissions, and high-grade.
The statistics also show that the average fuel consumption of domestically produced heavy-duty vehicles is much higher than that of similar models with international advanced technology. This depends on the vehicle's driving structure and the matching of the transmission system. On the other hand, it also depends on the fuel economy of the engine. The minimum fuel consumption rate of domestically produced heavy-duty vehicles is generally around 215g/kW·h, while the lowest fuel consumption rate of internationally advanced technologies is generally 191~196s/kW·h. Affected by the aforementioned factors, the gap is significant. It is not surprising.
Environmental performance: inadequate policy follow-up Europe is currently implementing Euro III emission limits regulations, and in 2005 it began implementing Euro IV emission limits regulations. In September 2004, China began implementing Euro II emissions limit regulations. Domestically produced heavy-duty vehicles are generally five to eight years behind Europe in terms of environmental protection. As China’s heavy-duty vehicles with large-displacement engines have increasingly serious environmental impacts, the major domestic heavy-duty automakers will launch or use engines that meet the Euro II emission regulations in 2003 in accordance with the environmental requirements of the country and different regions. However, it is not enough to adopt the Euro II or Euro III standards only in form, and follow-up measures are needed. Only in this way can the environmental problems of the engine be truly resolved.
Fortunately, the "Aowei" CA6DL four-valve high-power diesel engine with independent intellectual property rights in 2004 cooperated with Austrian AVL company and adopted international new technology to develop high-power products with heavy duty diesel engines of international commercial vehicles at the end of the 1990s. ,Power coverage is 260~350Ps,Emissions reach Euro II standard,Electronic fuel injection technology is used,European standard is met,Euro IV potential is available, Fuel consumption is only 195g/kW·h, which let us see Chinese truck companies in environmental protection Responsibility.
In addition, Dongfeng's Chongqing Automobile Engine Plant and Cummins Co., Ltd. jointly produced C-series diesel engines to meet Euro II emissions and achieve mass production. The Ford diesel engine manufacturing technology imported from Brazil, which is known as the king of ace power, has been improved by localization and joint design to meet Euro II emission and achieve mass production; the R&D and production of Euro III emission models is also Smooth progress.
From this we can see that Chinese heavy-duty vehicle engines are further reducing emissions, lowering fuel consumption, reducing noise, and developing in a direction of large-displacement, high-power diesel engines.
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