After more than 30 years of rapid development, China’s manufacturing industry has achieved remarkable achievements. The status of a big manufacturing country has been established and reached the peak of the “world factoryâ€.
However, China's manufacturing industry is manufacturing more, creating less; low-end manufacturing, high-end manufacturing less; OEM manufacturing, independent manufacturing less. Its various problems are mainly manifested in: 1. Extensive development approach. For a long time, China’s manufacturing industry has relied too much on material resources, relying on low-cost advantages of land and labor, and its unit GDP energy consumption is about three times the world average. Excessive consumption of resources and energy, serious environmental pollution, and the decline in the proportion of workers' remuneration in GDP; Technological innovation ability is not strong. China still has a big gap with the world's advanced level in terms of basic raw materials, major equipment manufacturing, and key core technologies. Many important industries have high levels of foreign technology dependence, and many core key technologies are controlled by people. Although many products are labeled as "Made in China," R&D and design, key components and marketing are all overseas, and only labor-intensive processes such as processing and packaging are in China; Excessive resource consumption: In 2009, 8% of the world's GDP was created, but it consumed 30% of the world's steel, 40% of cement, and 17% of oil. 4. Severe environmental pollution: In 2009, SO2 emission of sulfur dioxide was 26.6 million tons, ranking first in the world; 5. There are many trade disputes: from 1995 to 2009, for 15 consecutive years, it has become the world's most anti-dumping country; 6. Low value-added products: In 2009, nearly 50% of export products were processing trades, 10-15% of value added remained in China, and 85%-90% were acquired by multinational companies' R&D and marketing links; 7. Missing brand: In 2009, there were 100 best brands in the world, 51 in the United States, 40 in Europe, 7 in Japan, and 2 in Korea.
Due to the lack of self-owned brands and lack of well-known brands, about 90% of China's export commodities belong to OEM production or OEM production. The added value of products is equivalent to only 4.37% in Japan, 4.38% in the United States, and 5.56% in Germany.
In the post-World Financial Crisis era, the European debt crisis has yet to find a suitable solution. The prospects for world economic recovery are uncertain. Countries are making every effort to use the opportunity of the industrial revolution to adjust the structure and change the way. This is a historic opportunity for China to improve the quality of manufacturing and narrow the gap with developed countries. The party committees and governments at all levels have indeed seen the problems of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, there has been an upsurge in the development of advanced manufacturing industries. However, how to develop advanced manufacturing industry is a subject worthy of discussion.
China's economic development conditions and modes are unique in the world today, and there is no ready-made model for reference. History has proven that it is impracticable to completely copy the development model of other countries. However, we can study the laws of economic development, integrate national conditions, solve development problems, and form our own development thinking and methods.
Judging from the historical laws of economic development, the economic model dominated by agriculture will surely transition to an economic form dominated by industry. Finally, it will transition to an economic form dominated by the service economy. After 30 years of rapid economic development, China's economy has been in the middle and late stages of industrialization. It is also in the period of major strategic opportunities for the transition from industrial economy to service economy.
Judging from the practice of economic development in various countries, since the 1980s, the development of service industries and service trade has become the general trend of world economic development. At present, the proportion of the output value of the service industry in the economic components of developed countries and regions has risen rapidly, both at more than 60%. Its employees also account for more than 60% of all employees. They have entered the service economy and society. This fully shows that in the developed countries and regions, the service industry is leading the development of manufacturing and even the entire national economy.
From the manufacturing point of view, the service-oriented manufacturing industry is an irreversible trend. To increase the added value of the manufacturing industry and the competitiveness of the market, it needs to rely on the productive service industry to support it, and it needs to rely on the expansion of the living service industry to consume. To improve the structural level of manufacturing and the operating level of enterprises, we must rely on modern service industries, provide innovative technology incubator parks, new technology development zones and other platforms for the development of new technologies and new products; provide financial support and insurance for different industries. Financial services; Providing consulting and logistics warehousing services for product raw materials and sales prices; Providing training and services for corporate management and fund management; Providing modern methods for product exhibition and conference services; Providing legal advice and litigation services, etc. to enhance industry and business Competitiveness.
From the analysis of the industrial chain, the modern economy has entered the era of industrial chain competition. Economic activities are no longer based on traditional industry classifications, but are divided into different links according to the value-added process. Apart from manufacturing links, they are also divided into research and development, With regard to design, consulting, finance, legal services, logistics, marketing, and after-sales services, the space for the increase in the profitability of goods is increasingly shifting to the service links at both ends of the industrial value chain. The famous "smile curve" image illustrates this economic reality.
From the above analysis, it can naturally be seen that the problems in China's manufacturing industry are, in the final analysis, a serious lack or backwardness of the service industry, especially the modern service industry. According to statistics, during the 31 years from 1978 to 2009, the added value of China's service industry increased from 86.05 billion yuan to 131.3 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 11.2%, which was nearly 2 percentage points higher than the GDP growth over the same period. The share of GDP increased from 23.4% to 42.6%, with an average annual increase of 0.52 percentage points. Only from the quantitative point of view, there is a big gap between the level of development of the service industry in China and the world advanced level.
The current practice of developing advanced manufacturing in various parts of the country is still contaminated by the traditional thinking in making changes, upgrading, and introducing the manufacturing industry itself. Whether it is "developing high-end industries" and "developing high-end industries," or "two-influenced linkages," and "three-way interactions," they have not completely grasped the inherent laws and trends of economic development, and they have not made breakthroughs in expressing modernity. The service industry plays a leading and leading role in the modern economy. As a result, there will be no innovative ways of economic development in practice. This will lead to a slogan that is difficult to realize in China's economic development main line of “structural adjustment and transferâ€.
We need to take the road of new industrialization, that is, to implement the leading and leading role of modern service industry in the modern economic system, based on the modern industrial value chain, build a “modern service industry†nest, and quote the “advanced manufacturing†phoenix. History will surely prove that this must be the only way for China to "adjust its structure and change its mode".
However, China's manufacturing industry is manufacturing more, creating less; low-end manufacturing, high-end manufacturing less; OEM manufacturing, independent manufacturing less. Its various problems are mainly manifested in: 1. Extensive development approach. For a long time, China’s manufacturing industry has relied too much on material resources, relying on low-cost advantages of land and labor, and its unit GDP energy consumption is about three times the world average. Excessive consumption of resources and energy, serious environmental pollution, and the decline in the proportion of workers' remuneration in GDP; Technological innovation ability is not strong. China still has a big gap with the world's advanced level in terms of basic raw materials, major equipment manufacturing, and key core technologies. Many important industries have high levels of foreign technology dependence, and many core key technologies are controlled by people. Although many products are labeled as "Made in China," R&D and design, key components and marketing are all overseas, and only labor-intensive processes such as processing and packaging are in China; Excessive resource consumption: In 2009, 8% of the world's GDP was created, but it consumed 30% of the world's steel, 40% of cement, and 17% of oil. 4. Severe environmental pollution: In 2009, SO2 emission of sulfur dioxide was 26.6 million tons, ranking first in the world; 5. There are many trade disputes: from 1995 to 2009, for 15 consecutive years, it has become the world's most anti-dumping country; 6. Low value-added products: In 2009, nearly 50% of export products were processing trades, 10-15% of value added remained in China, and 85%-90% were acquired by multinational companies' R&D and marketing links; 7. Missing brand: In 2009, there were 100 best brands in the world, 51 in the United States, 40 in Europe, 7 in Japan, and 2 in Korea.
Due to the lack of self-owned brands and lack of well-known brands, about 90% of China's export commodities belong to OEM production or OEM production. The added value of products is equivalent to only 4.37% in Japan, 4.38% in the United States, and 5.56% in Germany.
In the post-World Financial Crisis era, the European debt crisis has yet to find a suitable solution. The prospects for world economic recovery are uncertain. Countries are making every effort to use the opportunity of the industrial revolution to adjust the structure and change the way. This is a historic opportunity for China to improve the quality of manufacturing and narrow the gap with developed countries. The party committees and governments at all levels have indeed seen the problems of China's manufacturing industry. Therefore, there has been an upsurge in the development of advanced manufacturing industries. However, how to develop advanced manufacturing industry is a subject worthy of discussion.
China's economic development conditions and modes are unique in the world today, and there is no ready-made model for reference. History has proven that it is impracticable to completely copy the development model of other countries. However, we can study the laws of economic development, integrate national conditions, solve development problems, and form our own development thinking and methods.
Judging from the historical laws of economic development, the economic model dominated by agriculture will surely transition to an economic form dominated by industry. Finally, it will transition to an economic form dominated by the service economy. After 30 years of rapid economic development, China's economy has been in the middle and late stages of industrialization. It is also in the period of major strategic opportunities for the transition from industrial economy to service economy.
Judging from the practice of economic development in various countries, since the 1980s, the development of service industries and service trade has become the general trend of world economic development. At present, the proportion of the output value of the service industry in the economic components of developed countries and regions has risen rapidly, both at more than 60%. Its employees also account for more than 60% of all employees. They have entered the service economy and society. This fully shows that in the developed countries and regions, the service industry is leading the development of manufacturing and even the entire national economy.
From the manufacturing point of view, the service-oriented manufacturing industry is an irreversible trend. To increase the added value of the manufacturing industry and the competitiveness of the market, it needs to rely on the productive service industry to support it, and it needs to rely on the expansion of the living service industry to consume. To improve the structural level of manufacturing and the operating level of enterprises, we must rely on modern service industries, provide innovative technology incubator parks, new technology development zones and other platforms for the development of new technologies and new products; provide financial support and insurance for different industries. Financial services; Providing consulting and logistics warehousing services for product raw materials and sales prices; Providing training and services for corporate management and fund management; Providing modern methods for product exhibition and conference services; Providing legal advice and litigation services, etc. to enhance industry and business Competitiveness.
From the analysis of the industrial chain, the modern economy has entered the era of industrial chain competition. Economic activities are no longer based on traditional industry classifications, but are divided into different links according to the value-added process. Apart from manufacturing links, they are also divided into research and development, With regard to design, consulting, finance, legal services, logistics, marketing, and after-sales services, the space for the increase in the profitability of goods is increasingly shifting to the service links at both ends of the industrial value chain. The famous "smile curve" image illustrates this economic reality.
From the above analysis, it can naturally be seen that the problems in China's manufacturing industry are, in the final analysis, a serious lack or backwardness of the service industry, especially the modern service industry. According to statistics, during the 31 years from 1978 to 2009, the added value of China's service industry increased from 86.05 billion yuan to 131.3 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 11.2%, which was nearly 2 percentage points higher than the GDP growth over the same period. The share of GDP increased from 23.4% to 42.6%, with an average annual increase of 0.52 percentage points. Only from the quantitative point of view, there is a big gap between the level of development of the service industry in China and the world advanced level.
The current practice of developing advanced manufacturing in various parts of the country is still contaminated by the traditional thinking in making changes, upgrading, and introducing the manufacturing industry itself. Whether it is "developing high-end industries" and "developing high-end industries," or "two-influenced linkages," and "three-way interactions," they have not completely grasped the inherent laws and trends of economic development, and they have not made breakthroughs in expressing modernity. The service industry plays a leading and leading role in the modern economy. As a result, there will be no innovative ways of economic development in practice. This will lead to a slogan that is difficult to realize in China's economic development main line of “structural adjustment and transferâ€.
We need to take the road of new industrialization, that is, to implement the leading and leading role of modern service industry in the modern economic system, based on the modern industrial value chain, build a “modern service industry†nest, and quote the “advanced manufacturing†phoenix. History will surely prove that this must be the only way for China to "adjust its structure and change its mode".
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