Safe agricultural products mainly refer to pollution-free agricultural products, green foods and organic foods.
There are different standards and requirements for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, green foods and organic foods.
First, produce organic food
1. Producing environment: It is required that no chemical synthetic material be used in the three years before the place of production, and there should be no pollution, that is, the soil must have a three-year conversion period.
2. No chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, hormones, etc. are allowed in the production process.
3. In the production process, the use of organic fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, sulfur preparations and copper preparations of plant-derived, biological-derived pesticides and mineral-originated pesticides are permitted.
4. No chemically synthesized food preservatives, additives, pigments, etc. are allowed during processing.
Second, the production of green food, pollution-free agricultural products
1. Production environment
For the production of green food and pollution-free agricultural products, the environmental testing of the atmosphere, soil, and water in the place of production must first be conducted.
2. Fertilizer use technology
According to soil fertility and crop needs, determine the fertilization type and fertilization amount, and promote formula fertilization. Fertilization mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. The commodity fertilizer must pass the registration certification and production license of the relevant state departments, and the quality index meets the relevant national standards. It is forbidden to use chemical synthetic fertilizer products that have not been registered, so as to ensure that the used fertilizers do not have adverse effects on crops and the agricultural environment.
(1) Promote the use of organic fertilizers, commodity organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers. Under the circumstance that the use of chlorine-containing compound fertilizers and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited, it is permissible to use chemical fertilizers according to the following two principles.
1 Chemical fertilizers must be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. The amount of pure nitrogen used in fertilizers must not exceed the amount of pure nitrogen in organic fertilizers.
2 Fertilizers can also be combined with organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers. The formula is 1,000 kg of manure, 10 kg of urea or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 60 kg of compound microbial fertilizer. The last top dressing must be carried out 30 days before harvest.
(2) It is forbidden to use municipal solid waste and industrial waste that have not been detoxified.
(3) Farmers' fertilizers should be used locally on the spot, and farmer's fertilizers should be used only after they are confirmed to meet the requirements. No matter which raw materials the farm manure is used for composting, it must be fermented at high temperatures to kill parasite eggs, pathogens and weed seeds, so that it can meet the harmless health standards. For high-temperature compost, the compost temperature is required to be up to 50-55°C for 5-7 days. For biogas fermentation fertilizer, the sealed storage period is required to be more than 30 days; the high-temperature biogas fermentation temperature is 53±2°C for 2 days; parasite egg settling above 95.
3. Pesticide use technology
Implementing the principle of "prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control" and adopting non-chemical prevention methods such as agriculture, physics, and biology to minimize the use of pesticides and the number of uses.
(1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties, rational rotation, improvement of the agricultural ecological environment, strengthening of cultivation and management, scientific cultivation modes, and other agronomic measures and physical control. Protect and use natural enemies and give full play to natural enemies' natural control.
(2) Promote the use of biological pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, mesitectin, wuyimycin, apramycin, jinggangmycin, agricultural anti-120, etc.; mineral-based pesticides such as lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture and so on.
(3) Selectively use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides. Commonly-used insecticides include BT series, avermectin series, sterilizing esters, plant extracts, and insect hormones (Meiman, Kadek, etc.) Supaibao), a small number of organophosphorus pesticides (phoxim, dimethoate, trichlorfon, lebenben, farmland music) and other pesticides such as dimehypo, imidacloprid; fungicides are carbendazim, thiophanate, g Dew, can kill, acetochlor and so on. These pesticides are only allowed to be used once in a growing season for green food production. In the production of pollution-free agricultural products, a growth period can be used 3 to 4 times.
(4) The use of highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residual pesticides, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pesticides is strictly prohibited. Such as pesticides: methamidophos, phorate (3911), carbofuran (carbofuran), omethoate, monocrotophos, isocarbophos, trisphorus, arsenic, 666, DDT, 1605 , 1059, cyanide, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, insecticidal hydrazine, aluminum phosphide, zinc phosphide, metoprolol original drug, dicofol, fluoroacetamide and so on. The bactericidal agents include chloropicrin, celecoxib, sodium pentachlorophenol, isopropylphosphor, sialidone, ulcer net, 401 (antibiotic), dibromochloropropane, and organic mercury preparations.
(5) Strict implementation of the pesticide safety interval (ie, the time from the last application to harvest). Generally about 3 to 5 days for bio-agriculture, 5 to 7 days for pyrethroid pesticides, and 7 to 70 days for organophosphorus pesticides (a few over 14 days). The bactericide chlorothalonil and carbendazim require more than 14 days, and the rest are 7 to 10 days.
(6) Correctly diagnose pests and diseases, select appropriate counterpart pesticides and strictly control the scope of use and dosage.
(7) Strengthen pest prediction and forecast, master control indicators and timely use of drugs.
(8) Rationally mix and replace the use of drugs to overcome the occurrence and development of pest resistance.
(9) Wash the instruments after use, and properly dispose of the sewage, medicine bottles and medicine bags. The remaining medicine should be properly kept.
There are different standards and requirements for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, green foods and organic foods.
First, produce organic food
1. Producing environment: It is required that no chemical synthetic material be used in the three years before the place of production, and there should be no pollution, that is, the soil must have a three-year conversion period.
2. No chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, hormones, etc. are allowed in the production process.
3. In the production process, the use of organic fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, sulfur preparations and copper preparations of plant-derived, biological-derived pesticides and mineral-originated pesticides are permitted.
4. No chemically synthesized food preservatives, additives, pigments, etc. are allowed during processing.
Second, the production of green food, pollution-free agricultural products
1. Production environment
For the production of green food and pollution-free agricultural products, the environmental testing of the atmosphere, soil, and water in the place of production must first be conducted.
2. Fertilizer use technology
According to soil fertility and crop needs, determine the fertilization type and fertilization amount, and promote formula fertilization. Fertilization mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. The commodity fertilizer must pass the registration certification and production license of the relevant state departments, and the quality index meets the relevant national standards. It is forbidden to use chemical synthetic fertilizer products that have not been registered, so as to ensure that the used fertilizers do not have adverse effects on crops and the agricultural environment.
(1) Promote the use of organic fertilizers, commodity organic fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers. Under the circumstance that the use of chlorine-containing compound fertilizers and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited, it is permissible to use chemical fertilizers according to the following two principles.
1 Chemical fertilizers must be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. The amount of pure nitrogen used in fertilizers must not exceed the amount of pure nitrogen in organic fertilizers.
2 Fertilizers can also be combined with organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers. The formula is 1,000 kg of manure, 10 kg of urea or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 60 kg of compound microbial fertilizer. The last top dressing must be carried out 30 days before harvest.
(2) It is forbidden to use municipal solid waste and industrial waste that have not been detoxified.
(3) Farmers' fertilizers should be used locally on the spot, and farmer's fertilizers should be used only after they are confirmed to meet the requirements. No matter which raw materials the farm manure is used for composting, it must be fermented at high temperatures to kill parasite eggs, pathogens and weed seeds, so that it can meet the harmless health standards. For high-temperature compost, the compost temperature is required to be up to 50-55°C for 5-7 days. For biogas fermentation fertilizer, the sealed storage period is required to be more than 30 days; the high-temperature biogas fermentation temperature is 53±2°C for 2 days; parasite egg settling above 95.
3. Pesticide use technology
Implementing the principle of "prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control" and adopting non-chemical prevention methods such as agriculture, physics, and biology to minimize the use of pesticides and the number of uses.
(1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties, rational rotation, improvement of the agricultural ecological environment, strengthening of cultivation and management, scientific cultivation modes, and other agronomic measures and physical control. Protect and use natural enemies and give full play to natural enemies' natural control.
(2) Promote the use of biological pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, mesitectin, wuyimycin, apramycin, jinggangmycin, agricultural anti-120, etc.; mineral-based pesticides such as lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture and so on.
(3) Selectively use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides. Commonly-used insecticides include BT series, avermectin series, sterilizing esters, plant extracts, and insect hormones (Meiman, Kadek, etc.) Supaibao), a small number of organophosphorus pesticides (phoxim, dimethoate, trichlorfon, lebenben, farmland music) and other pesticides such as dimehypo, imidacloprid; fungicides are carbendazim, thiophanate, g Dew, can kill, acetochlor and so on. These pesticides are only allowed to be used once in a growing season for green food production. In the production of pollution-free agricultural products, a growth period can be used 3 to 4 times.
(4) The use of highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residual pesticides, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic pesticides is strictly prohibited. Such as pesticides: methamidophos, phorate (3911), carbofuran (carbofuran), omethoate, monocrotophos, isocarbophos, trisphorus, arsenic, 666, DDT, 1605 , 1059, cyanide, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, insecticidal hydrazine, aluminum phosphide, zinc phosphide, metoprolol original drug, dicofol, fluoroacetamide and so on. The bactericidal agents include chloropicrin, celecoxib, sodium pentachlorophenol, isopropylphosphor, sialidone, ulcer net, 401 (antibiotic), dibromochloropropane, and organic mercury preparations.
(5) Strict implementation of the pesticide safety interval (ie, the time from the last application to harvest). Generally about 3 to 5 days for bio-agriculture, 5 to 7 days for pyrethroid pesticides, and 7 to 70 days for organophosphorus pesticides (a few over 14 days). The bactericide chlorothalonil and carbendazim require more than 14 days, and the rest are 7 to 10 days.
(6) Correctly diagnose pests and diseases, select appropriate counterpart pesticides and strictly control the scope of use and dosage.
(7) Strengthen pest prediction and forecast, master control indicators and timely use of drugs.
(8) Rationally mix and replace the use of drugs to overcome the occurrence and development of pest resistance.
(9) Wash the instruments after use, and properly dispose of the sewage, medicine bottles and medicine bags. The remaining medicine should be properly kept.
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