Lead: Hydrogen is the world's smallest known density gas, which is prone to leakage during storage and transportation. This kind of speciality is more favorable to safety in the open space, but once the dissipation is blocked, a large amount of hydrogen accumulates, which may cause people to suffocate, and when it reaches a certain concentration, it will burn or even explode in case of fire. Therefore, there is a great security difficulty in storage and transportation. At present, domestic enterprises adopt more storage and transportation technologies, which are high-pressure hydrogen storage technologies. For example, Furuite Pack, Zhejiang Juhua, Beijing Ketek, China Zhonghe, etc. all adopt this technology route.
This article Source: Battery Alliance WeChat public ID: zgcbcu
The table shows some related enterprises that use high-voltage hydrogen storage routes in China.
The hydrogenation process during high-pressure hydrogen storage is a process in which a hydrogen storage source exchanges substances and energy with a unit to allow a large amount of high-energy gas to enter the air bottle. According to different application methods of production and use, high-pressure hydrogen storage equipment can be roughly divided into three types: high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels for vehicles, high-pressure hydrogen transport equipment, and fixed high-pressure hydrogen storage equipment.
Regardless of which equipment is used for hydrogen storage, there are two risks:
Stress risk
(1) High-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation equipment is generally used in dozens of MPa, storing a large amount of energy. Due to over-temperature, overfilling, etc., the equipment may have insufficient strength and an overpressure explosion occurs;
(2) Vehicle hydrogen storage containers and high-pressure hydrogen transportation equipment need to be refilled frequently. Not only the original crack defects may expand, but also new cracks may occur during use, resulting in fatigue damage.
2. Filling risk
(1) When the high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation equipment is filled with gas, the gas medium will release a large amount of heat when the pressure is lowered, and the temperature of each connecting part of the equipment is increased by the heat transfer process;
(2) Excessive temperature may damage the person filling the gas, and also change the constitutive relationship of the pressure-bearing material of the equipment, affecting the pressure bearing capacity;
(3) When pumping or compressing hydrogen, during maintenance and hot work, hydrogen and oxygen or other combustion-supporting gas are mixed for various reasons. When a certain concentration limit is reached, the fire source may cause an explosion accident.
(4) In addition to the safety risks of high-pressure hydrogen storage, there are some problems in other hydrogen storage methods. For example, physical hydrogen storage containing high-pressure hydrogen storage is the least safe, and the material requirements for storage tanks are high;
(5) Chemical hydrogen storage generates hydrogen by generating stable compounds. Although the safety is high, it is difficult to release hydrogen, and it is difficult to obtain hydrogen with higher purity. Although solid hydrogen storage can avoid the safety of physical hydrogen storage to some extent. Low problems, but there are also other problems such as difficulty in hydrogen storage by hydrogen storage and low hydrogen storage density.
Based on the above problems, it is recommended to deal with the safety of hydrogen storage and transportation from the following aspects:
1. Speed ​​up the research and development of new storage tanks with light weight, pressure resistance, high hydrogen storage density and high safety;
2. Improve the relevant hydrogen storage mechanism in chemical hydrogen storage technology, in order to find a method to increase hydrogen storage density, reduce hydrogen release difficulty and increase hydrogen concentration from a theoretical perspective;
Combine the utilization process and conditions of hydrogen energy, synthesize high-efficiency catalysts, optimize the supporting hydrogen storage technology, and comprehensively improve the utilization efficiency of hydrogen energy;
3. Improve the efficiency of various hydrogen storage technologies, reduce the cost of hydrogen storage, improve safety, reduce energy consumption, increase the life cycle, and explore ways to balance safety, high hydrogen storage density, low cost, low energy consumption, etc. ;
4. Research and development of composite hydrogen storage technology, combining the advantages of various hydrogen storage technologies, using two or more hydrogen storage technologies to work together. Explore the combination mechanism of composite hydrogen storage technology and improve the efficiency of composite hydrogen storage technology.
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