It is predicted that 2018 will be the small peak of vehicle power battery recycling. At that time, China's power lithium battery waste recycling market will take shape, accumulating waste power lithium battery over 12GWh, scrapping more than 170,000 tons, recycling of cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron and aluminum to create a recycling market scale Will exceed 5.3 billion yuan. By 2020, the cumulative scrap of lithium batteries for vehicles in China will reach 200,000 tons, and the market recycling scale will reach 10.1 billion yuan. With the development of new energy vehicles and the passage of time, the pressure on the recovery of power lithium batteries will increase.
In response to this situation, in the first half of 2017 alone, relevant government departments have successively launched a series of policies:
In January 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the “Implementation Plan for the Extended Producer Responsibility System†to determine the implementation of the producer responsibility extension system for four types of products, such as electrical appliances, automobiles, lead-acid batteries and packaging materials. Explore and integrate the basic information of automobile production, trading, maintenance, insurance, scrapping, etc., gradually establish a national unified life cycle information management system, and strengthen the recycling management of scrapped automobile products.
At the beginning of February, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Recycling Resources Industry." Mentioned "the pilot of recycling and utilization of new energy vehicle power lithium batteries, establishing and perfecting the standard system for the utilization of waste lithium batteries, and promoting the use of waste power lithium batteries."
On May 17, the official website of the National Standardization Administration Committee released the No. 11 China National Standards Announcement for 2017. The mid-term includes the “Code for Dismantling and Dismantling of Vehicle Power Batteries†(hereinafter referred to as “Dismantling Specificationsâ€). It is understood that the "Dismantling Code" is the first national standard for the recycling of vehicle power batteries in China. It has made detailed details on the site, equipment, operating procedures, personnel operation, safety, storage and management of power battery dismantling. And strict requirements.
It is reported that the relevant departments have clearly issued a policy as soon as possible to strictly enforce mandatory management of power battery recycling to ensure environmental protection and resource recycling.
Under the influence of multiple factors such as policies, interests and social responsibilities, more and more enterprises are beginning to set up power battery recycling. In addition to GEM, Bangpu Group, Fangyuan Environmental Protection, Sander Group and other professional companies, including Chaowei Group, Mengshi Technology, Waterma, Hao Peng Technology, AVIC Lithium, BYD, CATL, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, BAK Battery, etc. The power battery companies in the market are all in the market.
Greene
GEM is committed to the research and industrialization of recycling and recycling of “urban minerals†resources such as used batteries, electronic waste, scrapped automobiles and cobalt-nickel-tungsten rare metal waste.
In September 2015, GEM and BYD cooperated, one of the important contents is the recycling of scrapped battery products, and together to promote the "material recycling - battery recycling - new energy vehicle manufacturing - power lithium battery recycling" cycle system Construct. In April 2016, GEM and Dongfeng Brigade and Samsung Ring New signed a strategic cooperation agreement for green energy supply chain of new energy vehicles to jointly establish a new energy vehicle supply value chain alliance to create “material-battery-new energy vehicle manufacturing-supply chain finance†And power lithium battery recycling" full industrial chain closed loop system. In March 2017, Jiangxi Gemme Resources Recycling Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of GEM, invested RMB 50 million to establish Sun Company Fujian GEM Recycling Resources Co., Ltd., which is mainly engaged in recycling of power batteries.
At present, GEM has built the largest domestic waste battery and scrap battery material processing production line, recycling more than 4,000 tons of cobalt resources annually, accounting for more than 30% of China's strategic cobalt resource supply.
Bangpu Group
Bangpu Group is specialized in recycling and disposal of used batteries and scrapped automobiles and high-end battery materials. It has formed three industrial sectors of “battery recycling, carrier recycling and recycling servicesâ€, covering the recycling of power batteries for electric vehicles. . The Bangpu Group handles more than 20,000 tons of used batteries annually and produces 10,000 tons of nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide per year. The total yield exceeds 98.58%. The recycling treatment capacity and resource recycling capacity have leapt to the top in Asia. Through the original "reverse product positioning design" technology, Bangpu Group has taken the lead in cracking the industry problem of "recycling waste" in the field of waste battery recycling in the world, and successfully developed and mastered the "directional circulation" technology of waste and raw material docking.
Recently, in addition to independently building a power battery recycling site, Bangpu Group is also exploring and building a recycling network with the OEM and battery factories. At present, Bangpu has 112 power battery recycling sites nationwide, which are mainly used to provide decommissioning diagnosis and information collection of new energy vehicle batteries. In the future, the Bangpu Group will continue to integrate and optimize to form a large-scale recycling center. At the same time, Bangpu is also exploring the construction of a reverse big data system with the upstream to provide monitoring and evaluation services for power battery recycling for new energy vehicles and power battery companies.
Fangyuan Environmental Protection
The main business of Fangyuan Environmental Protection is the research and development, production and sales of nickel and cobalt waste recycling and nickel battery and lithium battery cathode materials. In 2016, the company listed the new three board.
In October 2014, Fangyuan Environmental Protection and Shenzhen Beitray New Energy Materials Co., Ltd. signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The two sides carried out all-round cooperation around the ternary positive electrode material business of lithium-ion battery , and jointly built the country's largest power battery cathode material production base and the demonstration base of waste power battery recycling and utilization based on electric vehicles .
Sander Group
Sander Group is a large-scale professional environmental protection and new energy enterprise in China. Its business covers water, solid waste treatment, sanitation, renewable resources and new energy. On January 16, 2017, Sander Group and Hunan Ningxiang County Government signed the largest waste battery resource project in China. The project plans to invest 1 billion yuan and cover an area of ​​200 mu. It is mainly used to build an industrial base with waste batteries and production waste of 100,000 tons and an annual output of 30,000 tons of nickel-cobalt-manganese/nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary precursor materials. The project is scheduled to start construction in the first half of 2017. The equipment will be commissioned in the first half of 2018 and will be put into production. The estimated output value is not less than 3 billion yuan.
Chaowei Group
In March 2016, Chaowei Group invested in Changxing Yiwei New Energy Co., Ltd., which is mainly engaged in power lithium ion battery after-sales, battery recycling and ladder utilization. The electronic device for lithium-ion batteries "IDBMS" Group Chaowei system design, GPRS may have a positioning function at each lithium battery is provided inside the chip and a data read, all manufactured full life of lithium-ion batteries Cycle tracking. Yiwei New Energy is also striving to build a standardized new energy vehicle power battery service system, and strive to cover the national battery recycling network platform. At present, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and other safe transit libraries and service outlets are actively preparing for construction. It is planned to build 7 safe transfer warehouses and more than 3,000 service outlets nationwide by the end of 2018, and finally realize 24-hour worry-free after-sales service led by users. .
Lions Technology
Mengshi Technology plans to invest in the construction and improvement of the national chain service system into the recycling of waste batteries and the use of ladders. The company will cooperate with power battery companies and new energy vehicle companies to recycle used power batteries with these two types of enterprises as the source. .
Chen Lewu, chairman of the lion technology, said that in the strategic planning of the lion technology, the best battery products in the future will be used for new energy vehicles. After the products are eliminated, they will be used in the field of clean electricity to make energy storage batteries, and then used in Household energy storage. Mengshi Technology combines the application of power lithium battery production with energy storage, and finally forms a complete battery ladder utilization system. Through this cascade utilization method, the use value of the battery is maximized.
Waterma
In 2012, Watmar began to explore the route and method of secondary utilization of power batteries. At the same time, it built a 3MW lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power station, which laid the foundation for the cascade utilization of waste power batteries.
At present, Waterma has undertaken the construction and demonstration application project of Shenzhen large-capacity energy storage power station through the declaration, and explored two sets of decommissioning power battery recycling ladder utilization plan. At present, it has been recycled and used to treat over 200MWh of decommissioned power batteries. In the lithium battery recycling process, Waterma adjusts the multi-element distribution ratio by formula reduction technology through the company's original "directional circulation" mode and the world's leading "reverse product positioning design" technology, supplemented by the heat of the synthetic solution. The power PH value is regulated to realize the “directional circulation†from the waste battery to the battery material, thereby organically integrating the battery from manufacturing, consumption to recycling.
In addition to the development of energy storage power stations, Waterma has also successfully developed 1200KWh, 750KWh, 640KWh mobile supplemental vehicles (for the replenishment of electric vehicles or the energy storage of office systems, etc.). In the future, Waterma plans to apply used power batteries to mobile power-up vehicles to further explore the application of used power batteries in energy storage systems.
Hao Peng Technology
Established by Hao Peng International Group and Beiqi New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Hao Peng Technology is specialized in the recycling, processing and utilization of waste secondary battery renewable resources.
The company has built a modern waste battery recycling base covering an area of ​​88 mu. It has the first demonstration system for recycling used batteries in Jiangxi Province, including the first demonstration circuit for dismantling batteries and the demonstration circuit for recycling of used batteries. Hao Peng Technology has more than 30 patented technologies developed independently, of which 5 are invention patents, 9 are patents for power battery recycling, and participated in the formulation of four national standards. Hao Peng Technology established the “biosphere†of power battery by establishing recycling channels, building recycling networks, developing ladder utilization technologies, and improving comprehensive utilization.
AVIC Lithium Battery
In 2012, AVIC Lithium began to engage in research on power battery recycling. In 2014, it built a demonstration circuit for power battery recycling, and explored technology and technology. At present, the company's automated lithium battery demolition and recovery demonstration line can maximize the recovery of valuable materials in lithium-powered batteries, including copper and aluminum metal recovery rate of up to 98%, positive material recovery rate of more than 90%, the technology is at The international leading level was rated as a major special project of Henan Province in 2016 and received special fund support of 6 million yuan.
For the recovered battery, AVIC Lithium Power will conduct a preliminary evaluation, classify the level, and then use the cascade. Some of the batteries with better status will be used in electric boats, communication energy storage, backup power, agricultural machinery and other fields. The battery cells that do not reuse the value will be subjected to discharge treatment and further disassembly, and sorted and recovered. It is understood that the battery disassembly system of AVIC Lithium Battery is in a relatively closed space, and basically achieves semi-automatic operation.
Male power supply
Xiongyi shares through the service of the power battery for relevant data analysis, as well as the decommissioning power battery cell performance test and safe dismantling, the battery capacity, internal resistance, OCV, self-discharge and other data to establish a unique battery Life model system. In addition, Xiongyi Group is also actively focusing on the strategic cooperation between the integration of relevant industry chains and the establishment of resource sharing by vehicle manufacturers.
BYD
As the first batch of enterprises to develop new energy vehicles, BYD started the power battery recycling work at the beginning of the launch of new energy vehicles. In the recycling process, BYD mainly uses authorized dealers to recycle used power batteries. When a customer requests or scraps a vehicle and needs to replace the power battery, the dealer will ship the replaced power battery to the BYD Baolong factory for preliminary testing. If used batteries can continue to be used, they may continue to be used in areas such as home storage or base station backup power.
If the battery can no longer be used, BYD Baolong will transport the battery to the relevant department of Huizhou Material Factory, and then use the wet recycling method for dismantling and recycling. In addition, BYD will also recycle the power battery electrolyte. The recovery method is mainly collected by means of dissolution, and part of the volatile liquid is degraded by the exhaust gas discharge system, and is degraded into normal gas and discharged. As for the battery case and other materials, it can also be used for secondary use. Overall, BYD's power battery recycling has a relatively sound process system, and the recycling efficiency is high.
In addition, BYD and GEM have reached a cooperation in September 2015. The most important part of the cooperation between the two parties is the recycling of scrapped products. GEM and BYD have cooperated to promote the recycling system of “material recycling – battery recycling – new energy vehicle manufacturing – power battery recyclingâ€.
CATL
After the power battery is recycled, CATL will retrofit it for energy storage and then recycle it. In terms of recycling system construction, in addition to cooperation with Yutong, SAIC, Beiqi, Geely and other car companies, CATL also cooperates with Hunan Bangpu, which has the qualification of material recovery, to classify and disassemble the power battery for material recovery.
Guoxuan Hi-Tech
Guoxuan Hi-Tech started the recycling of power batteries in 2012, and in the same year planned to build a cascade utilization project of 1.3MW pure electricity and 4.4MW container-type pure electricity. At present, Guoxuan Hi-Tech is developing technologies and markets for battery recycling and ladder utilization. It is about to launch a battery recycling line with a daily processing capacity of 2000Ah. The disassembly of power batteries, the separation of metals and powders, and the processing of powders are all in it. carry out.
According to the planning of Guoxuan Hi-Tech, by the end of 2017, the sales volume of Guoxuan High-tech storage energy market was about 1 billion yuan, and the battery test-recycling resource recovery pilot line was completed, and 2000 batteries were processed daily.
Beiqi New Energy
Beiqi New Energy has a waste lithium ion battery recycling demonstration line, which can realize the processing capacity of more than 100 batteries per day. The recycling rate of the positive electrode materials using regeneration method is more than 85%, and the recovery rate of lithium elements is over 80%. The recovery rate of the copper foil and the aluminum foil is more than 99%, and the electrolyte can be treated harmlessly.
Bick battery
BAK batteries use professional batteries for energy storage, power supply base stations, street lights, power tools and low-speed electric vehicles , or recycle raw materials to make new batteries. In addition, BAK Battery is carrying out the project “Dismantling and Recycling of Waste New Energy Vehicles†and has obtained national special investment subsidies. The project has a total investment of 200 million yuan and is planned to be built to cover an area of ​​30,000 square meters. Construction started at the end of 2015. It is expected to be completed in 2017 and will have an annual capacity of 20,000 scrapped vehicles and 30,000 tons of power batteries.
summary:
In the inventory, enterprises that have clearly laid out the layout of the power lithium battery recycling business and have relevant technical and qualification certificates have certain first-mover advantages. From a theoretical point of view, China's power lithium battery recycling has formed a complete closed-loop industrial chain. However, in practice, the operating mode of the domestic automotive power lithium battery recycling industry is still in the groping stage. It is necessary for the industry to establish an industrial alliance with the upstream and downstream to establish a healthy industrial chain and find a viable profit point.
With the expansion of the industry scale, the gradual improvement of industry standards and laws and regulations, in the near future, recycling channels and recycling costs are likely to become the core of some industry competition.
In the future, the largest source of battery raw materials will no longer be mines, but battery recycling companies. All OEMs and battery plants must work with or integrate with recycling companies. The layout of the power lithium battery recycling business has officially kicked off, and companies with relevant technologies and qualifications will soon develop rapidly. Newly entered quality companies will also receive strong support from policies and capital.
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